Comprehensive Cardiology Panel

Summary
Is a 260 gene panel that includes assessment of non-coding variants.

In addition, it also includes the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome.
The Comprehensive Cardiology Panel covers known genetic causes of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. It is ideal for patients in whom the phenotype is complex including features of both channelopathy and cardiomyopathy and for the investigation of sudden cardiac death as this panel includes all of our channelopathy and cardiomyopathy genes.

Analysis methods
  • PLUS
Availability
4 weeks
Number of genes
260
Test code
CA1301
Panel tier
Tier 3
CPT Code *
81439, 81460, 81465
* The CPT codes provided are based on AMA guidelines and are for informational purposes only. CPT coding is the sole responsibility of the billing party. Please direct any questions regarding coding to the payer being billed.

Summary

The Blueprint Genetics Comprehensive Cardiology Panel (test code CA1301):

Read about our accreditations, certifications and CE-marked IVD medical devices here.

ICD Codes

Refer to the most current version of ICD-10-CM manual for a complete list of ICD-10 codes.

Sample Requirements

  • Blood (min. 1ml) in an EDTA tube
  • Extracted DNA, min. 2 μg in TE buffer or equivalent
  • Saliva (Please see Sample Requirements for accepted saliva kits)

Label the sample tube with your patient’s name, date of birth and the date of sample collection.

We do not accept DNA samples isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. In addition, if the patient is affected with a hematological malignancy, DNA extracted from a non-hematological source (e.g. skin fibroblasts) is strongly recommended.

Please note that, in rare cases, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) variants may not be detectable in blood or saliva in which case DNA extracted from post-mitotic tissue such as skeletal muscle may be a better option.

Read more about our sample requirements here.

Subpanel Description

This comprehensive panel includes genes from the following subpanels: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Panel, Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) Panel, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) Panel, Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy (LVNC) Panel, Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) Panel, Brugada Syndrome Panel, Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) Panel and Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) Panel

When a person dies suddenly and unexpectedly from a suspected cardiovascular cause, the term sudden cardiac death (SCD) is used. SCD is frequently caused by an abrupt change in heart rhythm (arrhythmia), most often ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation that impairs cardiac pumping, thereby depriving vital organs of oxygenated blood. A brief episode of VT or VF may cause only momentary loss of consciousness (syncope), but death is the inevitable result of sustained VF in the absence of emergent medical care. The differential diagnosis between ion channel disease and cardiomyopathies can be challenging on occasion as severe ventricular arrhythmias can manifest in cardiomyopathy patients with subclinical or no morphological cardiomyopathy.

Genes in the Comprehensive Cardiology Panel and their clinical significance

To view complete table content, scroll horizontally.

Gene Associated phenotypes Inheritance ClinVar HGMD
AARS2 Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, with ovarian failure, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 8 AR 19 31
ABCC6* Pseudoxanthoma elasticum AR 352 377
ABCC9 Atrial fibrillation, Cantu syndrome, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 27 46
ACAD9 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, deficiency AR 26 61
ACADVL Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain, deficiency AR 119 282
ACTA1 Myopathy AD/AR 68 212
ACTA2 Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic, Moyamoya disease, Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome AD 20 76
ACTC1 Left ventricular noncompaction, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Cardiomyopathy, restrictive, Atrial septal defect, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 23 63
ACTN2 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 11 44
AGK* Sengers syndrome, Cataract 38 AR 18 27
AGL Glycogen storage disease AR 142 245
AGPAT2 Lipodystrophy, congenital generalized AR 25 39
AKAP9 Long QT syndrome AD 4 38
ALMS1* Alström syndrome AR 197 302
ALPK3 Pediatric cardiomyopathy AD/AR 12 6
ANK2 Cardiac arrhythmia, Long QT syndrome AD 6 73
ANO5 Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia, LGMD2L and distal MMD3 muscular dystrophies AD/AR 64 121
APOA1 Amyloidosis, systemic nonneuronopathic, Hypoalphalipoproteinemia AD/AR 28 71
ATPAF2 Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 1 AR 3 1
BAG3 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Myopathy, myofibrillar AD 39 62
BRAF* LEOPARD syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome AD 134 65
CACNA1C* Brugada syndrome, Timothy syndrome, Neurodevelopmental disorder AD 19 68
CACNA1D Primary aldosteronism, seizures, and neurologic abnormalities, Sinoatrial node dysfunction and deafness AD/AR 7 8
CACNB2 Brugada syndrome AD 4 22
CALM1* Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, Recurrent cardiac arrest, infantile, Long QT syndrome AD 10 10
CALM2 Long QT syndrome AD 8 10
CALM3 Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AD/AR 4 4
CALR3 Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 19 AD 3
CAPN3 Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Eosinophilic myositis AD/AR 184 437
CASQ2 Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic, polymorphic AD/AR 24 34
CASZ1 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Ventricular septal defect AD 3 2
CAV3 Creatine phosphokinase, elevated serum, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Long QT syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type IC, Myopathy, distal, Tateyama type, Rippling muscle disease 2 AD/AR 23 50
CBL Noonan syndrome-like disorder with or without juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia AD 24 43
CDH2 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) AD 1 6
CHKB Muscular dystrophy, congenital, megaconial AR 11 27
CHRM2 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR 1
COX15 Leigh syndrome, Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency AR 7 5
CPT2 Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency AR 72 111
CRYAB Cataract, myofibrillar myopathy and cardiomyopathy, Congenital cataract and cardiomyopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Myopathy, myofibrillar, Cataract 16, multiple types, Myopathy, myofibrillar, fatal infantile hypertonic, alpha-B crystallin-related AD 14 28
CSRP3 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 4 30
CTNNA3 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia AD 7 46
DBH Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency AR 10 11
DES Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Myopathy, myofibrillar, Scapuloperoneal syndrome, neurogenic, Kaeser type AD/AR 64 124
DMD Becker muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) XL 832 3915
DNAJC19 3-methylglutaconic aciduria AR 3 6
DOLK Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 8 11
DPM3 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy AR 3 2
DSC2 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia AD/AR 32 87
DSG2 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 44 129
DSP Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with wooly hair, keratoderma, and tooth agenesis, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with wooly hair and keratoderma, Keratosis palmoplantaris striata II, Epidermolysis bullosa, lethal acantholytic AD/AR 177 296
DTNA Left ventricular noncompaction 1 AD 3 7
DYSF Miyoshi muscular dystrophy, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Myopathy, distal, with anterior tibial onset AR 244 529
EEF1A2 Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, Intellectual developmental disorder AD 17 12
ELAC2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 17 AR 11 15
EMD Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy XL 48 113
ENPP1 Arterial calcification, Hypophosphatemic rickets AD/AR 22 72
EPG5 Vici syndrome AR 36 66
ETFA Glutaric aciduria, Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 8 29
ETFB Glutaric aciduria, Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 6 15
ETFDH Glutaric aciduria, Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 43 190
FAH Tyrosinemia AR 53 102
FBXL4 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AR 55 47
FBXO32 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR 2
FHL1* Myopathy with postural muscle atrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Reducing bod myopathy XL 26 62
FHOD3 Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic AD 1
FKRP Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 66 140
FKTN Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle) AR 45 58
FLNC* Myopathy, Cardiomyopathy AD 54 109
FOXD4* Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 1
FOXRED1 Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency AR 15 8
FXN* Friedreich ataxia AR 13 63
GAA Glycogen storage disease AR 193 573
GATA4* Tetralogy of Fallot, Atrioventricular septal defect, Testicular anomalies with or without congenital heart disease, Ventricular septal defect, Atrial septal defect AD 37 140
GATA5 Familial atrial fibrillation, Tetralogy of Fallot, Single ventricular septal defect AD 5 32
GATA6 Heart defects, congenital, and other congenital anomalies, Atrial septal defect 9, atrioventricular septal defect 5, Persistent truncus arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot AD 16 82
GATAD1 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AR 31 1
GATC* Cardiomyopathy, fatal AR 1
GBE1 Glycogen storage disease AR 36 70
GFM1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency AR 19 19
GLA Fabry disease XL 226 937
GLB1 GM1-gangliosidosis, Mucopolysaccharidosis (Morquio syndrome) AR 90 220
GMPPB Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 19 41
GNB5 Intellectual developmental disorder with cardiac arrhythmia (IDDCA), Language delay and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder/cognitive impairment with or without cardiac arrhythmia (LADCI) AR 9 10
GSK3B Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) 2
GTPBP3 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23 AR 14 15
GUSB* Mucopolysaccharidosis AR 27 62
HADHA Trifunctional protein deficiency, Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 65 71
HAND1 Congenital heart defects, Dilated cardiomyopathy AD 9
HAND2 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Congenital heart malformations AD 2 5
HCN4 Sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) AD 8 34
HFE Hemochromatosis AR/Digenic 11 56
HRAS Costello syndrome, Congenital myopathy with excess of muscle spindles AD 43 31
IDUA Mucopolysaccharidosis AR 105 282
ILK Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 10
ISPD Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 38 53
JPH2 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) AD 3 13
JUP Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, Naxos disease AD/AR 8 46
KCNA5 Atrial fibrillation AD 4 25
KCNE1 Long QT syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome AD/AR/Digenic 11 46
KCNE2 Long QT syndrome, Atrial fibrillation, familial AD 5 24
KCNH2 Short QT syndrome, Long QT syndrome AD 371 933
KCNJ2 Short QT syndrome, Andersen syndrome, Long QT syndrome, Atrial fibrillation AD 41 93
KCNJ5 Long QT syndrome, Hyperaldosteronism, familial AD 7 15
KCNQ1 Short QT syndrome, Long QT syndrome, Atrial fibrillation, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome AD/AR 298 631
KLHL24 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) AD/AR 5 5
KRAS* Noonan syndrome, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome AD 63 35
LAMA2 Muscular dystrophy, congenital merosin-deficient AR 199 301
LAMP2 Danon disease XL 62 101
LARGE Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 19 27
LDB3 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Myopathy, myofibrillar AD 9 14
LEMD2 Cataract 46, juvenile onset, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AR 1 1
LMNA Heart-hand syndrome, Slovenian, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Muscular dystrophy, congenital, LMNA-related, Lipodystrophy (Dunnigan), Emery-Dreiffus muscular dystrophy, Malouf syndrome, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A, Progeria Hutchinson-Gilford type AD/AR 250 564
LMOD2 Familial dilated cardiomyopathy AR
LRRC10 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR 4
LZTR1 Schwannomatosis, Noonan syndrome AD/AR 34 71
MAP2K1 Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome AD 45 23
MAP2K2 Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome AD 21 35
MAP3K8 Noonan syndrome AD 1
MIPEP* Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 31 AR 5 8
MLYCD Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency AR 14 38
MRPL3* Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 9 AR 2 4
MRPL44 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 16 AR 2 2
MRPS22 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 5 AR 7 9
MT-ATP6 Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Ataxia and polyneuropathy, adult-onset, Cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic, Leigh syndrome, Striatonigral degeneration, infantile, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 19
MT-ATP8 Cardiomyopathy, apical hypertrophic, and neuropathy, Cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic Mitochondrial 4
MT-CO1 Myoglobinuria, recurrent, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Sideroblastic anemia, Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, Deafness, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 17
MT-CO2 Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency Mitochondrial 8
MT-CO3 Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy Mitochondrial 9
MT-CYB Mitochondrial 69
MT-ND1 Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Leber optic atrophy and dystonia Mitochondrial 21
MT-ND2 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 6
MT-ND3 Leber optic atrophy and dystonia, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 7
MT-ND4 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Leber optic atrophy and dystonia, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 11
MT-ND4L Leber hereditary optic neuropathy Mitochondrial 2
MT-ND5 Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 19
MT-ND6 Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Oncocytoma, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Leber optic atrophy and dystonia, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 16
MT-RNR1 Deafness, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 3
MT-RNR2 Chloramphenicol toxicity/resistance Mitochondrial 2
MT-TA Mitochondrial 4
MT-TC Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 3
MT-TD Mitochondrial 1
MT-TE Diabetes-deafness syndrome, Mitochondrial myopathy, infantile, transient, Mitochondrial myopathy with diabetes Mitochondrial 5
MT-TF Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Nephropathy, tubulointerstitial, Encephalopathy, mitochondrial, Epilepsy, mitochondrial, Myopathy, mitochondrial, Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 7
MT-TG Mitochondrial 3
MT-TH Mitochondrial 4
MT-TI Mitochondrial 7
MT-TK Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Leigh syndrome Mitochondrial 5
MT-TL1 Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Diabetes-deafness syndrome, Cyclic vomiting syndrome, SIDS, susceptibility to Mitochondrial 14
MT-TL2 Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Mitochondrial Myopathy, Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 5
MT-TM Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 1
MT-TN Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 3
MT-TP Mitochondrial 2
MT-TQ Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 2
MT-TR Encephalopathy, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 2
MT-TS1 Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 10
MT-TS2 Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 2
MT-TT Mitochondrial 5
MT-TV Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder, Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 3
MT-TW Leigh syndrome, Myopathy, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 8
MT-TY Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 4
MTO1# Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency AR 16 24
MYBPC3 Left ventricular noncompaction, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 482 1048
MYBPHL Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 3
MYH6 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Atrial septal defect 3 AD 14 123
MYH7 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Myopathy, myosin storage, Myopathy, distal, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 305 986
MYL2 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Infantile type I muscle fibre disease and cardiomyopathy AD/AR 21 67
MYL3 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) AD/AR 12 41
MYL4 Atrial fibrillation, familial, 18 AD 2 2
MYO18B Klippel-Feil syndrome 4, autosomal recessive, with myopathy and facial dysmorphism AR 2 4
MYOT Myopathy, myofibrillar, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, 1A, Myopathy, spheroid body AD 6 16
MYPN Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Cardiomyopathy, restrictive, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Nemaline myopathy 11, autosomal recessive AD 6 44
MYRF Congenital heart malformations, Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract AD 1 1
NDUFAF2 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, Leigh syndrome AR 9 8
NDUFB11 Linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 3 AD 4 6
NEXN Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AR 6 43
NF1* Watson syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome AD 1157 2901
NKX2-5 Conotruncal heart malformations, Hypothyroidism, congenital nongoitrous,, Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect 3, Conotruncal heart malformations, variable, Tetralogy of Fallot AD 45 108
NONO Mental retardation, X-linked, syndrome 34, Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) XL 10 4
NOS1AP Romano-Ward syndrome AD/AR 4
NRAP Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AR 1 6
NRAS Noonan syndrome AD 31 14
NUP155 Atrial fibrillation 15 AR 2 1
PARS2 Alpers syndrome AR 3 6
PCCA Propionic acidemia AR 66 125
PCCB# Propionic acidemia AR 68 115
PKP2#* Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia AD 150 289
PLEC Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Epidermolysis bullosa AD/AR 36 103
PLEKHM2 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), left ventricular noncompaction AR 1 1
PLN Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR 8 30
PNPLA2 Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy AR 13 35
POMT1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 47 96
PPA2 Sudden cardiac failure, infantile AR 8 8
PPCS Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AR 4
PPP1CB Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2 AD 8 11
PRDM16 Left ventricular noncompaction, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 17 20
PRKAG2 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Glycogen storage disease of heart, lethal congenital AD 19 57
PTPN11 Noonan syndrome, Metachondromatosis AD 135 140
QRSL1 Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder AR 4 2
RAF1 LEOPARD syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 45 53
RASA2 Noonan syndrome AD 1 3
RBCK1 Polyglucosan body myopathy AR 11 14
RBM20 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 19 47
RIT1 Noonan syndrome AD 23 26
RMND1* Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency AR 17 15
RRAS Noonan-syndrome like phenotype AD/AR 2
RYR2 Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia AD 124 372
SALL4 Acro-renal-ocular syndrome, Duane-radial ray/Okihiro syndrome AD 21 56
SCN10A Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, Channelopathy-associated congenital insensitivity to pain, Primary erythermalgia, Sodium channelopathy-related small fiber neuropathy, Brugada syndrome AD/AR 2 76
SCN1B Atrial fibrillation, Brugada syndrome, Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, Epilepsy, generalized, with febrile seizures plus, type 1, Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 52 AD 16 31
SCN3B Atrial fibrillation, familial, Brugada syndrome AD 3 7
SCN5A Heart block, nonprogressive, Heart block, progressive, Long QT syndrome, Ventricular fibrillation, Atrial fibrillation, Sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR/Digenic 234 899
SCNN1B Liddle syndrome, Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride AD/AR 19 47
SCNN1G Liddle syndrome, Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride AD/AR 8 20
SCO1 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency AR 6 5
SCO2 Leigh syndrome, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, Myopia AR 42 37
SDHA* Leigh syndrome/Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II deficiency, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Paragangliomas, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1GG AD/AR 54 87
SELENON# Muscular dystrophy, rigid spine, Myopathy, congenital, with fiber- disproportion AR 38 63
SGCA Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 60 100
SGCB Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 37 64
SGCD Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AR 21 27
SGCG Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 33 63
SHOC2 Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair AD 2 4
SLC12A3 Gitelman syndrome AR 49 489
SLC22A5 Carnitine deficiency, systemic primary AR 98 151
SLC25A20 Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency AR 15 42
SLC25A3 Micochondrial phosphate carrier deficiency AR 2 5
SLC25A4 Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AD/AR 12 14
SMCHD1 Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, type 2 AD 51 79
SOS1 Noonan syndrome AD 44 71
SOS2 Noonan syndrome 9 AD 4 6
SPEG Centronuclear myopathy 5 AR 5 11
SPRED1 Legius syndrome AD 38 71
STAG2 Congenital heart defects, dysmorphic facial features, and intellectual developmental disorder XL 6 14
TAB2 Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 2 AD 13 31
TANGO2 Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration (MECRCN) AR 13 9
TAZ 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria, (Barth syndrome) XL 45 158
TBX20* Atrial septal defect 4 AD 4 28
TBX5 Holt-Oram syndrome AD 61 127
TCAP Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR 12 28
TECRL Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, 3 AR 2 3
TGFB3 Loeys-Dietz syndrome (Reinhoff syndrome), Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia AD 19 26
TMEM43 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy AD 4 24
TMEM70 Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency AR 12 18
TNNC1 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 9 24
TNNI3 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Cardiomyopathy, restrictive, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR 56 129
TNNI3K Cardiac conduction disease with or without dilated cardiomyopathy AD 1 3
TNNT2 Left ventricular noncompaction, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Cardiomyopathy, restrictive, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 61 148
TOR1AIP1 Muscular dystrophy with progressive weakness, distal contractures and rigid spine AD/AR 3 5
TPM1 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 34 98
TRDN Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic AR 19 6
TRIM32 Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 13 16
TRPM4 Progressive familial heart block AD 5 32
TSFM# Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency AR 6 6
TTN* Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Tibial muscular dystrophy, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure, Myopathy, early-onset, with fatal cardiomyopathy (Salih myopathy), Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 2J AD/AR 818 327
TTR Dystransthyretinemic hyperthyroxinemia, Amyloidosis, hereditary, transthyretin-related AD 52 148
VARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 20 AR 7 10
VCL Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD 8 30
VCP Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease AD 17 61
VPS13A Choreoacanthocytosis AR 19 115
XK McLeod syndrome XL 10 41
#

The gene has suboptimal coverage (means <90% of the gene’s target nucleotides are covered at >20x with mapping quality score (MQ>20) reads), and/or the gene has exons listed under Test limitations section that are not included in the panel as they are not sufficiently covered with high quality sequence reads.

*

Some, or all, of the gene is duplicated in the genome. Read more.

The sensitivity to detect variants may be limited in genes marked with an asterisk (*) or number sign (#). Due to possible limitations these genes may not be available as single gene tests.

Gene refers to the HGNC approved gene symbol; Inheritance refers to inheritance patterns such as autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), mitochondrial (mi), X-linked (XL), X-linked dominant (XLD) and X-linked recessive (XLR); ClinVar refers to the number of variants in the gene classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in this database (ClinVar); HGMD refers to the number of variants with possible disease association in the gene listed in Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). The list of associated, gene specific phenotypes are generated from CGD or Mitomap databases.

Non-coding variants covered by Comprehensive Cardiology Panel

To view complete table content, scroll horizontally.

Gene Genomic location HG19 HGVS RefSeq RS-number
ABCC6 Chr16:16244424 c.4403+11C>G NM_001171.5 rs72664215
ABCC6 Chr16:16256835 c.3506+15G>A NM_001171.5 rs72664302
ABCC6 Chr16:16281097 c.1780-29T>A NM_001171.5 rs72664206
ABCC6 Chr16:16284246 c.1432-22C>A NM_001171.5 rs72664297
ACADVL Chr17:7123160 c.-144_-132delCCCAGCATGCCCCinsT NM_000018.3
ACADVL Chr17:7125469 c.822-27C>T NM_001270447.1 rs374911841
ACADVL Chr17:7125485 c.822-11T>G NM_001270447.1
ACADVL Chr17:7126199 c.1146+15C>T NM_001270447.1 rs202237278
ACADVL Chr17:7126948 c.1252-15A>G NM_001270447.1 rs765390290
ACADVL Chr17:7127894 c.1747+23C>T NM_001270447.1 rs147546456
ACTC1 Chr15:35080829 c.*1784T>C NM_005159.4
AGL Chr1:100381954 c.4260-12A>G NM_000028.2 rs369973784
APOA1 Chr11:116708299 c.-21+22G>A NM_000039.1
APOA1 Chr11:116708365 c.-65A>C NM_000039.1
CAPN3 Chr15:42678352 c.380-13T>A NM_000070.2
CAPN3 Chr15:42695919 c.1746-20C>T NM_000070.2
CAPN3 Chr15:42697047 c.-188G>C NM_173089.1
CAPN3 Chr15:42702715 c.2184+21G>A NM_000070.2 rs763572829
CAPN3 Chr15:42702770 c.2185-16A>G NM_000070.2
DMD ChrX:31165653 c.10554-18C>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31200680 c.9974+175T>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31224814 c.9564-30A>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31225211 c.9564-427T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31226400 c.9563+1215A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31229031 c.9362-1215A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31241047 c.9361+117A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279293 c.9225-160A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279418 c.9225-285A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279420 c.9225-287C>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279780 c.9225-647A>G NM_004006.2 rs398124091
DMD ChrX:31279781 c.9225-648A>G NM_004006.2 rs398124084
DMD ChrX:31332523 c.9224+9192C>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31382270 c.9085-15519G>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31613687 c.8217+32103G>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31627738 c.8217+18052A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31697714 c.7661-11T>C NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31897527 c.6913-4037T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31983146 c.6614+3310G>T NM_004006.2 rs797045526
DMD ChrX:32274692 c.6290+30954C>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32305833 c.6118-15A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32360414 c.5740-15G>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32366860 c.5326-215T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32379144 c.5325+1743_5325+1760delTATTAAAAAATGGGTAGA NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32398808 c.4675-11A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32460274 c.3787-843C>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32470726 c.3603+2053G>C NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32479316 c.3432+2240A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32479520 c.3432+2036A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32669100 c.961-5831C>T NM_004006.2 rs398124099
DMD ChrX:32669194 c.961-5925A>C NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32716130 c.832-15A>G NM_004006.2 rs72470513
DMD ChrX:32756908 c.650-39498A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32827744 c.531-16T>A/G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32827744 c.531-16T>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32827744 c.531-16T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32841967 c.265-463A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:33032666 c.93+5590T>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:33192452 c.31+36947G>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:33229483 c.-54T>A NM_004006.2
DSC2 Chr18:28683379 c.-1445G>C NM_024422.4 rs75494355
DYSF Chr2:71817308 c.3443-33A>G NM_003494.3 rs786205083
DYSF Chr2:71840553 c.4410+13T>G NM_003494.3
DYSF Chr2:71889030 c.4886+1249G>T NM_003494.3
DYSF Chr2:71900503 c.5668-824C>T NM_003494.3
DYSF Chr2:71913729 c.*107T>A NM_003494.3 rs11903223
EMD ChrX:153608559 c.266-27_266-10delTCTGCTACCGCTGCCCCC NM_000117.2
ETFDH Chr4:159593534 c.-75A>G NM_004453.2
ETFDH Chr4:159602711 c.176-636C>G NM_004453.2
FKRP Chr19:47249328 c.-272G>A NM_024301.4
FKTN Chr9:108368857 c.648-1243G>T NM_006731.2
GAA Chr17:78078341 c.-32-13T>G NM_000152.3 rs386834236
GAA Chr17:78078341 c.-32-13T>A NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078351 c.-32-3C>A/G NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078352 c.-32-2A>G NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078353 c.-32-1G>C NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078369 c.-17C>T NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78082266 c.1076-22T>G NM_000152.3 rs762260678
GAA Chr17:78090422 c.2190-345A>G NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78092432 c.2647-20T>G NM_000152.3
GATA4 Chr8:11561282 c.-989C>T NM_002052.3
GATA4 Chr8:11561369 c.-902G>T NM_002052.3
GATA4 Chr8:11561399 NM_002052.3 rs1195641788
GATA4 Chr8:11612500 c.910-55T>C NM_002052.3
GATA4 Chr8:11612745 c.997+103G>T NM_002052.3 rs113049875
GATA4 Chr8:11614418 c.998-26G>A NM_002052.3
GATA5 Chr20:61051165 c.-201A>G NM_080473.4
GATA5 Chr20:61051462 NM_080473.4 rs1193866928
GATA6 Chr18:19749151 c.-530A>T NM_005257.4
GATA6 Chr18:19749272 c.-409C>G NM_005257.4
GBE1 Chr3:81542964 c.2053-3358_2053-3350delGTGTGGTGGinsTGTTTTTTACATGACAGGT NM_000158.3 rs869320698
GLA ChrX:100653945 c.640-11T>A NM_000169.2
GLA ChrX:100654735 c.640-801G>A NM_000169.2 rs199473684
GLA ChrX:100654793 c.640-859C>T NM_000169.2 rs869312374
GLA ChrX:100656225 c.547+395G>C NM_000169.2
GMPPB Chr3:49761246 c.-87C>T NM_013334.3 rs780961444
HFE Chr6:26087649 c.-20G>A NM_000410.3 rs138378000
KCNH2 Chr7:150646165 c.2399-28A>G NM_000238.3
KCNQ1 Chr11:2484803 rs2074238
LAMA2 Chr6:129633984 c.3175-22G>A NM_000426.3 rs777129293
LAMA2 Chr6:129636608 c.3556-13T>A NM_000426.3 rs775278003
LAMA2 Chr6:129714172 c.5235-18G>A NM_000426.3 rs188365084
LAMA2 Chr6:129835506 c.8989-12C>G NM_000426.3 rs144860334
LMNA Chr1:156100609 c.513+45T>G NM_170707.3
LMNA Chr1:156105681 c.937-11C>G NM_170707.3 rs267607645
LMNA Chr1:156107037 c.1608+14G>A NM_170707.3
LMNA Chr1:156107433 c.1609-12T>G NM_170707.3 rs267607582
LZTR1 Chr22:21336623 c.-38T>A NM_006767.3
LZTR1 Chr22:21350968 c.2220-17C>A NM_006767.3 rs1249726034
MLYCD Chr16:83948547 c.949-14A>G NM_012213.2 rs761146008
MYBPC3 Chr11:47353394 c.*26+2T>C NM_000256.3
MYBPC3 Chr11:47353821 c.3628-12C>G NM_000256.3 rs371428751
MYBPC3 Chr11:47359371 c.2309-26A>G NM_000256.3
MYBPC3 Chr11:47360310 c.2149-80G>A NM_000256.3
MYBPC3 Chr11:47364709 c.1227-13G>A NM_000256.3 rs397515893
MYBPC3 Chr11:47364832 c.1224-19G>A NM_000256.3 rs587776699
MYBPC3 Chr11:47364865 c.1224-52G>A NM_000256.3 rs786204336
MYBPC3 Chr11:47365750 c.1091-575A>C NM_000256.3
MYBPC3 Chr11:47367305 c.1090+453C>T NM_000256.3
MYBPC3 Chr11:47368602 c.906-22G>A NM_000256.3 rs756267771
MYBPC3 Chr11:47368616 c.906-36G>A NM_000256.3 rs864622197
NEXN Chr1:78381662 c.-52-78C>A NM_144573.3
NF1 Chr17:29422055 c.-273A>C NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29422056 c.-272G>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29431417 c.60+9031_60+9035delAAGTT NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29475515 c.61-7486G>T NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29488136 c.288+2025T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29508426 c.587-14T>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29508428 c.587-12T>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29510334 c.888+651T>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29510427 c.888+744A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29510472 c.888+789A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29527428 c.889-12T>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29530107 c.1260+1604A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29533239 c.1261-19G>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29534143 c.1392+754T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29540877 c.1393-592A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29542762 c.1527+1159C>T NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29548419 c.1642-449A>G NM_001042492.2 rs863224655
NF1 Chr17:29549489 c.*481A>G NM_001128147.2
NF1 Chr17:29553439 c.2002-14C>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29554225 c.2252-11T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29556025 c.2410-18C>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29556027 c.2410-16A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29556028 c.2410-15A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29556031 c.2410-12T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29556839 c.2851-14_2851-13insA NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29557267 c.2991-11T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29558777 c.3198-314G>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29563299 c.3974+260T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29577082 c.4110+945A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29580296 c.4173+278A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29588708 c.4578-20_4578-18delAAG NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29588715 c.4578-14T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29654479 c.5269-38A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29656858 c.5610-456G>T NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29657848 c.5812+332A>G NM_001042492.2 rs863224491
NF1 Chr17:29661577 c.5813-279A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29664375 c.6428-11T>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29664618 c.6642+18A>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29676126 c.7190-12T>A NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29676127 c.7190-11_7190-10insGTTT NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29685177 c.7971-321C>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29685481 c.7971-17C>G NM_001042492.2
NF1 Chr17:29685665 c.8113+25A>T NM_001042492.2
NKX2-5 Chr5:172662741 NM_004387.3
NKX2-5 Chr5:172672291 c.-10205G>A .
NKX2-5 Chr5:172672303 c.-10217G>C .
PCCA Chr13:100958030 c.1285-1416A>G NM_000282.3
PCCB Chr3:136003251 c.714+462A>G NM_001178014.1
PLN Chr6:118869382 c.-271A>G NM_002667.4
PLN Chr6:118869417 c.-236C>G NM_002667.4 rs188578681
POMT1 Chr9:134379574 c.-30-2A>G NM_007171.3
PTPN11 Chr12:112915602 c.934-59T>A NM_002834.3
RYR2 Chr1:237730106 c.3423+32dupG NM_001035.2
SCN5A Chr3:38639469 c.2024-11T>A NM_198056.2 rs777987317
SCN5A Chr3:38691021 c.-53+1G>A NM_198056.2
SELENON Chr1:26143316 c.*1107T>C NM_020451.2
SGCA Chr17:48246419 c.585-31_585-23delTCTGCTGAC NM_000023.2
SGCA Chr17:48246421 c.585-31_585-24delTCTGCTGA NM_000023.2
SGCA Chr17:48247492 c.748-12_748-11delCTinsAA NM_000023.2
SGCG Chr13:23755086 c.-127_-121delACAGTTG NM_000231.2 rs1422849467
SGCG Chr13:23755215 c.-1+1G>T NM_000231.2
SLC12A3 Chr16:56903992 c.602-16G>A NM_000339.2 rs750901478
SLC12A3 Chr16:56914462 c.1567+297T>G NM_000339.2
SLC12A3 Chr16:56917770 c.1670-191C>T NM_000339.2 rs374182921
SLC12A3 Chr16:56927219 c.2548+253C>T NM_000339.2
SLC22A5 Chr5:131714054 c.394-16T>A NM_003060.3 rs775097754
SLC22A5 Chr5:131722665 c.825-52G>A NM_003060.3
SMCHD1 Chr18:2701019 c.1647+103A>G NM_015295.2
SMCHD1 Chr18:2705677 c.1843-15A>G NM_015295.2
SMCHD1 Chr18:2743740 c.3634-19A>G NM_015295.2
TAZ ChrX:153641699 n.694+4G>A NR_024048.1
TAZ ChrX:153649161 c.778-63_778-51delCTCCCAGGGCACC NM_000116.3 rs782249471
TBX20 Chr7:35293780 c.-549G>A NM_001077653.2 rs571512677
TBX5 Chr12:114704515 c.*88822C>A NM_000192.3 rs141875471
TGFB3 Chr14:76425035 c.*495C>T NM_003239.2 rs387906514
TGFB3 Chr14:76447266 c.-30G>A NM_003239.2 rs770828281
TPM1 Chr15:63349172 c.241-12_241-11delCTinsTG NM_001018005.1 rs199476309
TRDN Chr6:123957870 c.22+29A>G NM_006073.3 rs774068079
VCP Chr9:35072710 c.-360G>C NM_007126.3

Test Strengths

The strengths of this test include:

  • CAP accredited laboratory
  • CLIA-certified personnel performing clinical testing in a CLIA-certified laboratory
  • Powerful sequencing technologies, advanced target enrichment methods and precision bioinformatics pipelines ensure superior analytical performance
  • Careful construction of clinically effective and scientifically justified gene panels
  • Some of the panels include the whole mitochondrial genome (please see the Panel Content section)
  • Our Nucleus online portal providing transparent and easy access to quality and performance data at the patient level
  • ~2,000 non-coding disease causing variants in our clinical grade NGS assay for panels (please see ‘Non-coding disease causing variants covered by this panel’ in the Panel Content section)
  • Our rigorous variant classification scheme
  • Our systematic clinical interpretation workflow using proprietary software enabling accurate and traceable processing of NGS data
  • Our comprehensive clinical statements

Test Limitations

Variants in the *KCNE1* gene should not be used for risk assessment at the moment. Specifically, *KCNE1* c.253G>A, p.(Asp85Asn) variant has been considered to be a mild risk factor for acquired long QT syndrome. However, in the newest version of the reference genome GRCh38, a gene KCNE1B, nearly identical to *KCNE1* has appeared. By using standard NGS technologies, as well as Sanger sequencing, it is not possible to get reliable region-specific sequences for these genes. It is likely that reads that have been earlier mapped to *KCNE1* actually belong to *KCNE1B*. Moreover, it is currently unclear whether *KCNE1B* produces a protein product, and if a protein is produced, whether the gene is expressed in heart. More independent data characterizing *KCNE1B* and its function are needed. Currently, all *KCNE1* sequence data and the literature related to *KCNE1* variants should be interpreted with caution. The following exons are not included in the panel as they are not sufficiently covered with high quality sequence reads: *MTO1* (NM_133645:7;NM_001123226:8), *PCCB* (NM_001178014:4), *PKP2* (NM_004572), *SELENON* (NM_020451:3), *TSFM* (NM_001172696:5). Genes with suboptimal coverage in our assay are marked with number sign (#) and genes with partial, or whole gene, segmental duplications in the human genome are marked with an asterisk (*) if they overlap with the UCSC pseudogene regions. Gene is considered to have suboptimal coverage when >90% of the gene’s target nucleotides are not covered at >20x with mapping quality score (MQ>20) reads. The technology may have limited sensitivity to detect variants in genes marked with these symbols (please see the Panel content table above).

This test does not detect the following:

  • Complex inversions
  • Gene conversions
  • Balanced translocations
  • Some of the panels include the whole mitochondrial genome but not all (please see the Panel Content section)
  • Repeat expansion disorders unless specifically mentioned
  • Non-coding variants deeper than ±20 base pairs from exon-intron boundary unless otherwise indicated (please see above Panel Content / non-coding variants covered by the panel).

This test may not reliably detect the following:

  • Low level mosaicism in nuclear genes (variant with a minor allele fraction of 14.6% is detected with 90% probability)
  • Stretches of mononucleotide repeats
  • Low level heteroplasmy in mtDNA (>90% are detected at 5% level)
  • Indels larger than 50bp
  • Single exon deletions or duplications
  • Variants within pseudogene regions/duplicated segments
  • Some disease causing variants present in mtDNA are not detectable from blood, thus post-mitotic tissue such as skeletal muscle may be required for establishing molecular diagnosis.

The sensitivity of this test may be reduced if DNA is extracted by a laboratory other than Blueprint Genetics.

For additional information, please refer to the Test performance section.

The genes on the panel have been carefully selected based on scientific literature, mutation databases and our experience.

Our panels are sectioned from our high-quality, clinical grade NGS assay. Please see our sequencing and detection performance table for details regarding our ability to detect different types of alterations (Table).

Assays have been validated for various sample types including EDTA-blood, isolated DNA (excluding from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue), saliva and dry blood spots (filter cards). These sample types were selected in order to maximize the likelihood for high-quality DNA yield. The diagnostic yield varies depending on the assay used, referring healthcare professional, hospital and country. Plus analysis increases the likelihood of finding a genetic diagnosis for your patient, as large deletions and duplications cannot be detected using sequence analysis alone. Blueprint Genetics’ Plus Analysis is a combination of both sequencing and deletion/duplication (copy number variant (CNV)) analysis.

The performance metrics listed below are from an initial validation performed at our main laboratory in Finland. The performance metrics of our laboratory in Marlborough, MA, are equivalent.

Performance of Blueprint Genetics high-quality, clinical grade NGS sequencing assay for panels.

Sensitivity % (TP/(TP+FN) Specificity %
Single nucleotide variants 99.89% (99,153/99,266) >99.9999%
Insertions, deletions and indels by sequence analysis
1-10 bps 99.2% (7,745/7,806) >99.9999%
11-50 bps 99.13% (2,524/2,546) >99.9999%
Copy number variants (exon level dels/dups)
1 exon level deletion (heterozygous) 100% (20/20) NA
1 exon level deletion (homozygous) 100% (5/5) NA
1 exon level deletion (het or homo) 100% (25/25) NA
2-7 exon level deletion (het or homo) 100% (44/44) NA
1-9 exon level duplication (het or homo) 75% (6/8) NA
Simulated CNV detection
5 exons level deletion/duplication 98.7% 100.00%
Microdeletion/-duplication sdrs (large CNVs, n=37))
Size range (0.1-47 Mb) 100% (25/25)
     
The performance presented above reached by Blueprint Genetics high-quality, clinical grade NGS sequencing assay with the following coverage metrics
     
Mean sequencing depth 143X
Nucleotides with >20x sequencing coverage (%) 99.86%

Performance of Blueprint Genetics Mitochondrial Sequencing Assay.

Sensitivity % Specificity %
ANALYTIC VALIDATION (NA samples; n=4)
Single nucleotide variants
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 100.0% (50/50) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (35-45%) 100.0% (87/87) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (25-35%) 100.0% (73/73) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15-25%) 100.0% (77/77) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10-15%) 100.0% (74/74) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-10%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 50.0% (2/4) 100.0%
CLINICAL VALIDATION (n=76 samples)
All types
Single nucleotide variants n=2026 SNVs
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 100.0% (1940/1940) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (35-45%) 100.0% (4/4) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (25-35%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15-25%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10-15%) 100.0% (9/9) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-10%) 92.3% (12/13) 99.98%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 88.9% (48/54) 99.93%
Insertions and deletions by sequence analysis n=40 indels
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 1-10bp 100.0% (32/32) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-45%) 1-10bp 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 1-10bp 100.0% (5/5) 99,997%
SIMULATION DATA /(mitomap mutations)
Insertions, and deletions 1-24 bps by sequence analysis; n=17
Homoplasmic (100%) 1-24bp 100.0% (17/17) 99.98%
Heteroplasmic (50%) 100.0% (17/17) 99.99%
Heteroplasmic (25%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (20%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10%) 94.1% (16/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5%) 94.1% (16/17) 100.0%
Copy number variants (separate artifical mutations; n=1500)
Homoplasmic (100%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (50%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (30%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (20%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 99.7% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 99.0% 100.0%
The performance presented above reached by following coverage metrics at assay level (n=66)
Mean of medians Median of medians
Mean sequencing depth MQ0 (clinical) 18224X 17366X
Nucleotides with >1000x MQ0 sequencing coverage (%) (clinical) 100%
rho zero cell line (=no mtDNA), mean sequencing depth 12X

The target region for each gene includes coding exons and ±20 base pairs from the exon-intron boundary. In addition, the panel includes non-coding and regulatory variants if listed above (Non-coding variants covered by the panel). Some regions of the gene(s) may be removed from the panel if specifically mentioned in the ‘Test limitations” section above. If the test includes the mitochondrial genome the target region gene list contains the mitochondrial genes. The sequencing data generated in our laboratory is analyzed with our proprietary data analysis and annotation pipeline, integrating state-of-the art algorithms and industry-standard software solutions. Incorporation of rigorous quality control steps throughout the workflow of the pipeline ensures the consistency, validity and accuracy of results. Our pipeline is streamlined to maximize sensitivity without sacrificing specificity. We have incorporated a number of reference population databases and mutation databases including, but not limited, to 1000 Genomes Project, gnomAD, ClinVar and HGMD into our clinical interpretation software to make the process effective and efficient. For missense variants, in silico variant prediction tools such as  SIFT, PolyPhen,MutationTaster are used to assist with variant classification. Through our online ordering and statement reporting system, Nucleus, ordering providers have access to the details of the analysis, including patient specific sequencing metrics, a gene level coverage plot and a list of regions with suboptimal coverage (<20X for nuclear genes and <1000X for mtDNA) if applicable. This reflects our mission to build fully transparent diagnostics where ordering providers can easily visualize the crucial details of the analysis process.

We provide customers with the most comprehensive clinical report available on the market. Clinical interpretation requires a fundamental understanding of clinical genetics and genetic principles. At Blueprint Genetics, our PhD molecular geneticists, medical geneticists, and clinical consultants prepare the clinical statement together by evaluating the identified variants in the context of the phenotypic information provided in the requisition form. Our goal is to provide clinically meaningful statements that are understandable for all medical professionals regardless of whether they have formal training in genetics.

Variant classification is the cornerstone of clinical interpretation and resulting patient management decisions. Our classifications follow the ACMG guideline 2015.

The final step in the analysis is orthogonal confirmation. Sequence and copy number variants classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are confirmed using bi-directional Sanger sequencing or by orthogonal methods such as qPCR/ddPCR when they do not meet our stringent NGS quality metrics for a true positive call.

Our clinical statement includes tables for sequencing and copy number variants that include basic variant information (genomic coordinates, HGVS nomenclature, zygosity, allele frequencies, in silico predictions, OMIM phenotypes, and classification of the variant). In addition, the statement includes detailed descriptions of the variant, gene, and phenotype(s) including the role of the specific gene in human disease, the mutation profile, information about the gene’s variation in population cohorts, and detailed information about related phenotypes. We also provide links to the references, abstracts, and variant databases used to help ordering providers further evaluate the reported findings if desired. The conclusion summarizes all of the existing information and provides our rationale for the classification of the variant.

Identification of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in dominant disorders or their combinations in different alleles in recessive disorders are considered molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. In these cases, family member testing can be used for risk stratification. We do not recommend using variants of uncertain significance (VUS) for family member risk stratification or patient management. Genetic counseling is recommended.

Our interpretation team analyzes millions of variants from thousands of individuals with rare diseases. Our internal database and our understanding of variants and related phenotypes increases with every case analyzed. Our laboratory is therefore well-positioned to re-classify previously reported variants as new information becomes available. If a variant previously reported by Blueprint Genetics is re-classified, our laboratory will issue a follow-up statement to the original ordering healthcare provider at no additional cost, according to our latest follow-up reporting policy.

Other