Primary Immunodeficiency Panel

Summary
Is a 336 gene panel that includes assessment of non-coding variants.

Is ideal for patients with a clinical suspicion of any type of primary immunodeficiency (PID).

Analysis methods
  • PLUS
Availability
4 weeks
Number of genes
336
Test code
IM0301
Panel tier
Tier 2
CPT Code *
81249, 81222, 81223, 81317, 81319, 81403, 81404 X3, 81405 X3, 81406 X5, 81407, 81408, 81479
* The CPT codes provided are based on AMA guidelines and are for informational purposes only. CPT coding is the sole responsibility of the billing party. Please direct any questions regarding coding to the payer being billed.

Summary

The Blueprint Genetics Primary Immunodeficiency Panel (test code IM0301):

Read about our accreditations, certifications and CE-marked IVD medical devices here.

ICD Codes

Refer to the most current version of ICD-10-CM manual for a complete list of ICD-10 codes.

Sample Requirements

  • Blood (min. 1ml) in an EDTA tube
  • Extracted DNA, min. 2 μg in TE buffer or equivalent
  • Saliva (Please see Sample Requirements for accepted saliva kits)

Label the sample tube with your patient’s name, date of birth and the date of sample collection.

We do not accept DNA samples isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. In addition, if the patient is affected with a hematological malignancy, DNA extracted from a non-hematological source (e.g. skin fibroblasts) is strongly recommended.

Please note that, in rare cases, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) variants may not be detectable in blood or saliva in which case DNA extracted from post-mitotic tissue such as skeletal muscle may be a better option.

Read more about our sample requirements here.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases. The International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee categorizes PIDs into nine different categories: 1) combined immunodeficiencies, 2) combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features, 3) predominantly antibody deficiencies, 4) diseases of immune dysregulation, 5) congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both, 6) defects in intrinsic and innate immunity, 7) autoinflammatory disorders, 8) complement deficiencies and 9) phenocopies of PIDs. Despite a heterogeneous genetic basis, the core symptoms are often very similar complicating the diagnosis. In addition, many PIDs may be included in more than one category. Treatment choice without knowing the specific mutation in the causative gene may therefore be complicated. Also, type and site of and specific organisms causing the infections may help to classify the disease. In addition to immune-related symptoms, many PIDs have non-immune manifestations. The prevalence of individual PIDs have a wide range, but the combined prevalence of all primary immunodeficiencies is reported to be as high as 5-8:10,000. Some recently identified PIDs are extremely rare.

Genes in the Primary Immunodeficiency Panel and their clinical significance

To view complete table content, scroll horizontally.

Gene Associated phenotypes Inheritance ClinVar HGMD
ACD Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal dominant 6, Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 7 AD/AR 2 8
ACP5 Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation AR 12 26
ACTB* Baraitser-Winter syndrome AD 55 60
ADA Severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency AR 49 93
ADAM17 Inflammatory skin and bowel disease, neonatal 1 AR 1 7
ADAR Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AD/AR 25 226
AICDA Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM AD/AR 14 50
AIRE Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome AD/AR 73 134
AK2 Reticular dysgenesis AR 14 17
ALPI Inflammatory bowel disease AR 5
AP3B1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome AR 14 34
AP3D1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 10 AR 1 4
ARHGEF1 Idiopathic bronchiectasis, Immunodeficiencies with antibody defects AR 1
ARPC1B Platelet abnormalities with eosinophilia and immune-mediated inflammatory disease AR 2 4
ATM Breast cancer, Ataxia-Telangiectasia AD/AR 1047 1109
ATP6AP1 Immunodeficiency 47 XL 5 5
B2M Amyloidosis, systemic visceral AR 8 4
BACH2 BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) AD 2
BCL10 Immunodeficiency 37 AR 16 1
BCL11B Immunodeficiency 49 AD 8 12
BLM Bloom syndrome AR 152 119
BLNK Agammaglobulinemia 4 AR 2 3
BTK Hypogammaglobulinemia, Agammaglobulinemia and isolated hormone deficiency, Agammaglobulinemia XL 114 908
C17ORF62 Chronic granulomatous disease AR 1
C1QA C1q deficiency AR 2 7
C1QB C1q deficiency AR 4 8
C1QC C1q deficiency AR 4 10
C1S Complement component C1s deficiency AD/AR 4 10
C2* Complement component 2 deficiency AR 4 9
C3 Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, Complement component 3 deficiency, Macular degeneration, age-related AD/AR 6 87
C5# Eculizumab, poor response to, Complement component 5 deficiency AD/AR 6 18
C6 Complement component 6 deficiency AR 8 12
C7 Complement component 7 deficiency AR 14 31
C8A Complement component 8 deficiency AR 2 8
C8B Complement component 8 deficiency AR 7 8
C9 Complement component 9 deficiency AR 7 9
CARD11 B-cell expansion with NFKB and T-cell anergy, Immunodeficiency AD/AR 12 9
CARD14 Psoriasis AD 9 29
CARD9 Candidiasis, familial, 2 AR 8 25
CASP10 Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome AD 5 7
CASP8 Caspase 8 defiency AR 2 7
CCBE1 Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome AR 6 13
CD19 Immunodeficiency, common variable AR 8 9
CD247 Immunodeficiency AR 8 4
CD27 Lymphoproliferative syndrome AR 4 8
CD3D Immunodeficiency AR 3 5
CD3E Immunodeficiency AR 4 7
CD3G Immunodeficiency AR 5 3
CD4 OKT4 epitope deficiency AR 1
CD40 Immunodeficiency with Hyper-IgM AR 5 10
CD40LG Immunodeficiency, with hyper-IgM XL 35 231
CD46* Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical AD/AR 5 81
CD55# Blood group, Cromer system BG 7 7
CD59 CD59 deficiency AR 4 8
CD70 Primary immunodeficiency AR 4
CD79A Agammaglobulinemia 3 AR 3 7
CD79B Agammaglobulinemia 6 AR 2 3
CD81 Immunodeficiency, common variable, 6 AR 1 1
CD8A CD8 deficiency AR 1 1
CDC42* Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome, Noonan-syndrome like phenotype AD 11 9
CDCA7 Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 3 AR 4 6
CDK9 AR 1
CEBPE Specific granule deficiency 1 AR 3 4
CECR1 Polyarteritis nodosa, ADA2 deficiency AR 15 50
CFB Complement factor B deficiency, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical AD/AR 2 26
CFD Complement factor D deficiency AR 2 3
CFH* Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, Complement factor H deficiency, Basal laminar drusen AD/AR 18 305
CFI Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, Complement factor I deficiency AD/AR 10 143
CFP Properdin deficiency XL 5 17
CFTR Cystic fibrosis, Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens AD/AR 518 1803
CHD7 Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency, CHARGE syndrome AD 276 860
CIITA Bare lymphocyte syndrome AR 9 15
CLCN7 Osteopetrosis AD/AR 15 98
CLPB 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with cataracts, neurologic involvement, and neutropenia (MEGCANN) AD/AR 26 25
COG6 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Shaheen syndrome AR 10 9
COLEC11 3MC syndrome AR 6 13
COPA Autoimmune interstitial lung, joint, and kidney disease AD 6 6
CORO1A#* Immunodeficiency AR 41 6
CR2 Common variable immunodeficiency AR 2 16
CSF2RA#* Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary XL 2 17
CSF2RB Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 5 AR 2 6
CSF3R Neutrophilia, hereditary AD/AR 13 13
CTC1 Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts AR 21 33
CTLA4 Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, type V AD 11 34
CTPS1 Immunodeficiency 24 AR 1 1
CTSC Periodontitis, juvenile, Haim-Munk syndrome, Papillon-Lefevre syndrome AR 19 92
CXCR4 Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome AD 5 15
CYBA Chronic granulomatous disease AR 13 71
CYBB Chronic granulomatous disease, Immunodeficiency XL 69 780
CYP27A1 Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis AR 69 110
DBR1 Immunodeficiency AR 1
DCLRE1C* Omenn syndrome, Severe combined immunodeficiency with sensitivity to ionizing radiation AR 18 89
DDX58 Singleton-Merten syndrome AD 4 3
DGAT1 Diarrhea AR 7 11
DGKE Nephrotic syndrome AR 17 38
DIAPH1 Seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS), Deafness, autosomal dominant 1 AD/AR 10 15
DKC1 Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, Dyskeratosis congenita XL 48 74
DNAJC21 Bone marrow failure syndrome 3 AR 5 11
DNASE1L3 Systemic lupus erythematosus 16 AR 1 3
DNASE2 Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AR 2
DNMT3B Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome AR 14 47
DOCK2 Immunodeficiency AR 7 6
DOCK8 Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome, Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 2 AR 54 168
DSG1 Severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting syndrome (SAM syndrome), Keratosis palmoplantaris striata I AD/AR 13 31
EFL1* Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 3 2
ELANE Neutropenia AD 43 217
EPG5 Vici syndrome AR 36 66
ERCC6L2 Bone marrow failure syndrome 2 AR 4 9
EXTL3 Immunoskeletal dysplasia with neurodevelopmental abnormalities (ISDNA) AR 4 8
FADD Infections, recurrent, with encephalopathy, hepatic dysfunction, and cardiovascular malformations AR 2 1
FANCA Fanconi anemia AR 191 677
FAS Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome AD/AR 31 133
FASLG Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, type IB AD/AR 2 10
FAT4 Van Maldergem syndrome 2 AR 13 33
FCGR3A* Immunodeficiency 20 AR 1
FCHO1 Combined immunodeficiency AR
FERMT3 Leukocyte adhesion deficiency AR 8 14
FOXN1 T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy AD/AR 6 6
FOXP3 Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy XL 28 93
G6PC Glycogen storage disease AR 46 117
G6PC3 Neutropenia, severe congenital, Dursun syndrome AR 11 37
G6PD Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency XL 45 226
GATA2 Myelodysplastic syndrome, Chronic neutropenia associated with monocytopenia, evolving to myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia, Emberger syndrome, Immunodeficiency AD 30 142
GFI1 Neutropenia, severe congenital, 2 autosomal dominant, Neutropenia, nonimmune chronic idiopathic, of adults AD 2 6
GINS1 Immunodeficiency AR 4 4
GUCY2C Diarrhea, Meconium ileus AD/AR 7 10
HAVCR2 AR
HAX1 Neutropenia, severe congenital AR 11 21
HELLS Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 4 AR 6 6
HMOX1 Heme oxygenase 1 deficiency AR 2 5
HYOU1 Combined immunodeficiency AR 2
ICOS Immunodeficiency, common variable, 1 AR 3 4
IFIH1 Singleton-Merten syndrome, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 7 AD/AR 14 19
IFNAR2 Immunodeficiency 45 AR 1 2
IFNGR1 Immunodeficiency AD/AR 16 42
IFNGR2 Immunodeficiency AR 4 18
IGLL1* Agammaglobulinemia AR 2 3
IKBKB Immunodeficiency 15 AR 2 7
IKZF1 Immunodeficiency, common variable, 13 AD 10 35
IL10 Inflammatory bowel disease AD/AR 1 5
IL10RA Inflammatory bowel disease AR 4 43
IL10RB Inflammatory bowel disease AR 2 19
IL12B Immunodeficiency 28, Immunodeficiency 29 AR 4 13
IL12RB1# Immunodeficiency AR 13 82
IL17RA Immunodeficiency 51 AR 8 17
IL17RC Candiasis, familial, 9 AR 3 4
IL1RN Osteomyelitis, sterile multifocal, with periostitis and pustulosis AR 6 12
IL21 Immunodeficiency, common variable, 11 AR 1 1
IL21R Immunodeficiency, primary, autosomal recessive, IL21R-related AD/AR 3 9
IL23R Primary immunodeficiency AR 1
IL2RA Interleukin 2 receptor, alpha, deficiency AR 6 6
IL2RB Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AR
IL2RG Combined immunodeficiency XL 54 243
IL36RN Pustular psoriasis, generalized AR 6 26
IL6R Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AR 1
IL6ST* Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AD/AR
IL7 Interleukin 7 deficiency, Generalized verrucosis, HPV susceptibility AD/AR
IL7R Severe combined immunodeficiency, , T-cell negative, B-cell positive, NK cell positive AR 23 48
IRAK4 IRAK4 deficiency, Invasive pneumococcal disease, recurrent, isolated, 1 AR 12 29
IRF2BP2 Immunodeficiency, common variable, 14 AD 1 2
IRF4 Skin/hair/eye pigmentation, variation in, 8 AD 1
IRF7 Immunodeficiency 39 AR 2 2
IRF8 Immunodeficiency 32A (CD11C-positive/CD1C-positive dendritic cell deficiency), Immunodeficiency 32B (monocyte and dendritic cell deficiency) AD/AR 4 8
ISG15 Immunodeficiency, with basal ganglia calcification AR 3 3
ITGB2 Leukocyte adhesion deficiency AR 33 118
ITK Lymphoproliferative syndrome AR 4 11
JAGN1 Neutropenia, severe congenital AR 8 8
JAK1 Primary immunodeficiency AD/AR 4 6
JAK3 Severe combined immunodeficiency, , T cell-negative, B cell-positive, natural killer cell-negative AR 30 66
KRAS* Noonan syndrome, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome AD 63 35
LAMTOR2 Immunodeficiency due to defect in MAPBP-interacting protein AR 1 1
LAT Immunodeficiency 52 AR 2 18
LCK Immunodeficiency AR 2 3
LIG1 Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AR 3
LIG4 Severe combined immunodeficiency with sensitivity to ionizing radiation, LIG4 syndrome AR 18 36
LPIN2 Majeed syndrome AR 12 14
LRBA Common variable immunodeficiency AR 23 64
LYST Chediak-Higashi syndrome AR 50 97
MAGT1 Immunodeficiency, with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia, Mental retardation, X-linked 95 XL 8 14
MALT1 Immunodeficiency AR 3 5
MAP3K14 Primary immunodeficiency with multifaceted aberrant lymphoid immunity AR 1 2
MASP1 3MC syndrome AR 11 22
MEFV Familial Mediterranean fever AD/AR 29 182
MKL1 Primary immunodeficiency AR 4
MOGS Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 7 8
MRE11A Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder-1 AR 57 56
MSN* Immunodeficiency 50 XL 2 2
MTHFD1 Severe combined immunodeficiency AR 9 11
MVK Mevalonic aciduria, Hyper-IgD syndrome, Porokeratosis 3, multiple types AD/AR 35 181
MYD88 MYD88 deficiency AR 5 5
MYO5A Griscelli syndrome AR 7 9
NBN Breast cancer, Nijmegen breakage syndrome AD/AR 188 97
NCF1#* Chronic granulomatous disease AR 18 44
NCF2 Chronic granulomatous disease AR 19 72
NCF4 Granulomatous disease AR 4 5
NCSTN Acne inversa, familial 1 AD 7 30
NFE2L2 11 6
NFKB1 Common variable immunodeficiency AD 8 17
NFKB2 Common variable immunodeficiency AD 6 11
NFKBIA Ectodermal dysplasia, anhidrotic, with T-cell immunodeficiency AD 5 11
NHEJ1 Severe combined immunodeficiency with microcephaly, growth retardation, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation AR 15 16
NHP2 Dyskeratosis congenita AR 5 3
NLRC4 Autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis (AIFEC), Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 4 AD 6 8
NLRP1 Palmoplantar carcinoma, multiple self-healing, Autoinflammation with arthritis and dyskeratosis AD/AR 5 15
NLRP12 Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome AD 12 12
NLRP3 Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), Muckle-Wells syndrome, Chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous articular (CINCA) syndrome, Familial cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1, Deafness AD 20 136
NOD2 Blau syndrome, Sarcoidosis, early-onset AD 12 70
NOP10 Dyskeratosis congenita AR 1 1
NRAS Noonan syndrome AD 31 14
NSMCE3 Lung disease, immunodeficiency, and chromosome breakage syndrome (LICS) AR 2 2
OBFC1 2 2
OFD1 Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Retinitis pigmentosa, Orofaciodigital syndrome, Joubert syndrome XL 153 160
ORAI1 Immunodeficiency, Myopathy, tubular aggregate, 2 AD/AR 9 13
OTULIN Autoinflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome (AIPDS) AR 8 3
PARN* Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Dyskeratosis congenita AD/AR 15 29
PEPD Prolidase deficiency AR 12 31
PGM3 Immunodeficiency 23 AR 14 15
PIGA* Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome XL 24 27
PIK3CD* Immunodeficiency AD 6 12
PIK3R1 Agammaglobulinemia, SHORT syndrome AD/AR 33 24
PLCG2 Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3 (PLAID), Autoinflammation, antibody deficiency, and immune dysregulation syndrome (APLAID) AD 7 13
PMS2* Mismatch repair cancer syndrome, Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis AD/AR 319 342
PNP Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency AR 11 33
POLA1 Pigmentary disorder, reticulate, with systemic manifestations, X-linked, Neurodevelopmental disorder 2 1
POLD1 Colorectal cancer, Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome, Idiopathic bronchiectasis, Immunodeficiency AD/AR 3 31
POLE Colorectal cancer, Facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature syndrome (FILS syndrome) AD/AR 8 70
POLE2 Combined immunodeficiency AR 3
POMP Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma AR 5 4
PRF1 Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin, Aplastic anemia, adult-onset, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis AR 24 183
PRG4 Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome AR 6 35
PRKCD Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type III AR 4 6
PRKDC Immunodeficiency AR 6 9
PSENEN Acne inversa, familial, 2 AD 7 17
PSMB4 4 4
PSMB8 Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome, Autoinflammation, lipodystrophy, and dermatosis syndrome, Joint contractures, muscular atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy syndrome AR 5 9
PSTPIP1 Pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne AD 5 29
PTPRC Severe combined immunodeficiency, , T-cell negative, B-cell positive, NK cell positive AR 4 5
RAB27A Griscelli syndrome, Elejalde syndrome AR 18 54
RAC2 Neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome AD 2 3
RAG1 Omenn syndrome, Alpha/beta T-cell lymphopenia with gamma/delta T-cell expansion, severe cytomegalovirus infection, and autoimmunity, T cell-negative, B cell-negative, natural killer cell-positive severe combined immunodeficiency, Combined cellular and humoral immune defects with granulomas AR 47 184
RAG2 Omenn syndrome, Combined cellular and humoral immune defects with granulomas AR 28 79
RANBP2* Encephalopathy, acute, infection-induced, 3, susceptibility to AD 41 6
RASGRP1 Primary immunodeficiency AR 1 3
RBCK1 Polyglucosan body myopathy AR 11 14
RECQL4 Baller-Gerold syndrome, RAPADILINO syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome AR 82 114
RELA* Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome AD 1 3
RELB Immunodeficiency 53 1 1
RFX5 Bare lymphocyte syndrome AR 4 10
RFXANK MHC class II deficiency AR 8 16
RFXAP Bare lymphocyte syndrome AR 6 9
RHOH T-cell immunodeficiency with epidermodysplasia verruciformis AD/AR 1
RIPK1 Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AD/AR 3 1
RLTPR Combined immunodeficiency AR 11 8
RMRP Cartilage-hair hypoplasia, Metaphyseal dysplasia without hypotrichosis, Anauxetic dysplasia AR 87 123
RNASEH2A Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AR 13 21
RNASEH2B Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AR 16 41
RNASEH2C Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AR 6 14
RNF168 RIDDLE syndrome AR 4 5
RNF31 HOIP and LUBAC deficiency AR 1
RNU4ATAC Roifman syndrome, Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1, Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 3 AR 15 24
RORC Immunodeficiency 42 AR 3 3
RPSA Asplenia, isolated congenital AD 7 8
RTEL1 Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Dyskeratosis congenita AD/AR 58 51
SAMD9 Mirage syndrome, Tumoral calcinosis, normophosphatemic AD/AR 10 27
SAMD9L Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome AD 4 16
SAMHD1 Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, Chilblain lupus 2 AD/AR 25 56
SBDS* Aplastic anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Severe spondylometaphyseal dysplasia AR 19 90
SEC61A1 Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile 4 AD 4 4
SERPING1 Angioedema, Complement component 4, partial deficiency of AD/AR 34 563
SH2D1A Lymphoproliferative syndrome XL 21 129
SLC29A3 Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome, Dysosteosclerosis AR 17 25
SLC35C1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency AR 6 7
SLC37A4 Glycogen storage disease AD/AR 49 113
SLC39A7 Agammaglobulinemia AR
SLC46A1 Folate malabsorption AR 17 23
SLC7A7 Lysinuric protein intolerance AR 55 67
SMARCAL1 Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia AR 20 88
SMARCD2 Specific granule defiency 2 AR 3 1
SP110 Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency AR 8 8
SPINK5 Netherton syndrome AR 29 85
SPPL2A Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AR 1
SRP54 Shwachman-Diamond syndrome AD 3
SRP72* Bone marrow failure syndrome 1 AD 2 5
STAT1 Immunodeficiency AD/AR 39 122
STAT2 Immunodeficiency AR 3 6
STAT3 Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome, Autoimmune disease, multisystem, infantile onset AD 47 152
STAT5B* Growth hormone insensitivity with immunodeficiency AD/AR 9 13
STIM1 Stormorken syndrome, Immunodeficiency, Myopathy, tubular aggregate 1 AD/AR 13 24
STK4 T-cell immunodeficiency syndrome, recurrent infections, autoimmunity, AR 3 7
STX11 Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial AR 8 22
STXBP2 Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial AR 12 77
TAP1 Bare lymphocyte syndrome AR 1 7
TAP2 Bare lymphocyte syndrome AR 4 8
TAPBP Bare lymphocyte syndrome AR 1 2
TAZ 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria, (Barth syndrome) XL 45 158
TBX1 Conotruncal anomaly face syndrome AD 17 72
TCF3 Agammaglobulinemia 8, autosomal dominant AD 1 5
TCN2 Transcobalamin II deficiency AR 9 35
TERC Aplastic anemia, Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, Dyskeratosis congenita AD 42 73
TERT Aplastic anemia, Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, Dyskeratosis congenita AD/AR 48 156
TFRC Immunodeficiency 46 AR 8 2
TGFB1 Diaphyseal dysplasia Camurati-Engelmann AD 15 23
THBD Thrombophilia due to thrombomodulin defect, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical AD 5 28
TINF2 Revesz syndrome, Dyskeratosis congenita AD 25 42
TLR3 Herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 2 AD/AR 14
TMC6 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis AR 8 7
TMC8 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis AR 3 9
TMEM173 STING-associated vasculopathy, infantile-onsent (SAVI) AD/AR 4 10
TNFAIP3 Autoinflammatory syndrome, familial, Behcet-like AD 8 23
TNFRSF13B Common variable immunodeficiency, Immunoglobulin A deficiency AD/AR 7 48
TNFRSF1A# Periodic fever (TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome) AD 19 106
TNFRSF4 Immunodeficiency AR 1 1
TNFRSF9
TRAF3IP2 Candidiasis, familial 8 AR 1 3
TREX1 Vasculopathy, retinal, with cerebral leukodystrophy, Chilblain lupus, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AD/AR 30 71
TRNT1 Retinitis pigmentosa and erythrocytic microcytosis, Sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay AR 13 26
TTC37 Trichohepatoenteric syndrome, Autoinflammatory-pancytopenia syndrome AR 12 64
TTC7A Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome AR 21 46
TYK2 Immunodeficiency AR 9 9
UBA1 Spinal muscular atrophy, infantile XL 3 5
UNC119 Immunodeficiency, Cone-rod dystrophy 2 AD 1 5
UNC13D Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial AR 22 192
UNC93B1* Herpes simplex encephalitis, susceptibility to, 1 AR 2
UNG Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM, type 5 AR 6 7
USB1 Poikiloderma with neutropenia AR 24 22
USP18#* Pseudo-TORCH syndrome 2 AR 40 1
VPS13B Cohen syndrome AR 351 203
VPS45# Neutropenia, severe congenital, 5, autosomal recessive AR 3 4
WAS Neutropenia, severe congenital, Thrombocytopenia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome XL 57 439
WDR1 AR 8
WIPF1 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 2 AR 2 3
WRAP53 Dyskeratosis congenita AR 7 6
XIAP* Lymphoproliferative syndrome XL 14 96
ZAP70 Selective T-cell defect AR 15 29
ZBTB24 Immunodeficiency-Centromeric Instability-Facial Anomalies 2 AR 7 17
ZNF341* AR 5
#

The gene has suboptimal coverage (means <90% of the gene’s target nucleotides are covered at >20x with mapping quality score (MQ>20) reads), and/or the gene has exons listed under Test limitations section that are not included in the panel as they are not sufficiently covered with high quality sequence reads.

*

Some, or all, of the gene is duplicated in the genome. Read more.

The sensitivity to detect variants may be limited in genes marked with an asterisk (*) or number sign (#). Due to possible limitations these genes may not be available as single gene tests.

Gene refers to the HGNC approved gene symbol; Inheritance refers to inheritance patterns such as autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), mitochondrial (mi), X-linked (XL), X-linked dominant (XLD) and X-linked recessive (XLR); ClinVar refers to the number of variants in the gene classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in this database (ClinVar); HGMD refers to the number of variants with possible disease association in the gene listed in Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). The list of associated, gene specific phenotypes are generated from CGD or Mitomap databases.

Non-coding variants covered by Primary Immunodeficiency Panel

To view complete table content, scroll horizontally.

Gene Genomic location HG19 HGVS RefSeq RS-number
ADA Chr20:43248503 c.1079-15T>A NM_000022.2 rs387906268
ADA Chr20:43249076 c.976-34G>A NM_000022.2
ATM Chr11:108093770 c.-174A>G NM_000051.3
ATM Chr11:108094508 c.-31+595G>A NM_000051.3
ATM Chr11:108098321 c.-30-1G>T NM_000051.3 rs869312754
ATM Chr11:108138753 c.2639-384A>G NM_000051.3
ATM Chr11:108141209 c.2839-579_2839-576delAAGT NM_000051.3
ATM Chr11:108151710 c.3403-12T>A NM_000051.3 rs201370733
ATM Chr11:108158168 c.3994-159A>G NM_000051.3 rs864622543
ATM Chr11:108164028 c.4612-12A>G NM_000051.3
ATM Chr11:108179837 c.5763-1050A>G NM_000051.3 rs774925473
ATM Chr11:108214779 c.8418+681A>G NM_000051.3 rs748635985
BTK ChrX:100609705 c.1567-23A>C/G NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100609705 c.1567-23A>G NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100609705 c.1567-23A>C NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100612468 c.1177+28_1177+29insAGAAAAAAGGT NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100613695 c.895-11C>A NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100625094 c.310-28_310-27delGCinsTG NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100629415 c.240+109C>A NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100629416 c.240+108T>G NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100629827 c.142-205A>G NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100630121 c.141+11C>T NM_000061.2 rs138411530
BTK ChrX:100641044 c.-31+6T>G NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641045 c.-31+5G>A/C/T NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641045 c.-31+5G>A NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641045 c.-31+5G>T NM_000061.2 rs1131691354
BTK ChrX:100641045 c.-31+5G>C NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641049 c.-31+1G>A/C NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641049 c.-31+1G>A NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641049 c.-31+1G>C NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641050 c.-31G>A NM_000061.2
BTK ChrX:100641212 c.-193A>G NM_000061.2
C1QB Chr1:22985931 c.-17-2A>C NM_000491.3
C7 Chr5:40931143 c.63-23T>A NM_000587.2 rs772462732
CD40LG ChrX:135736498 c.289-32_289-25delAAAATGAC NM_000074.2
CD40LG ChrX:135736517 c.289-15T>A NM_000074.2
CD40LG ChrX:135737600 c.347-915A>T NM_000074.2
CD46 Chr1:207930564 c.286+27delT NM_002389.4 rs771669828
CECR1 Chr22:17664763 c.1082-1113delA NM_017424.2
CFTR Chr7:117119654 c.-495C>T NM_000492.3 rs397507565
CFTR Chr7:117119797 NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117119900 c.-249G>C NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117119984 c.-165G>A NM_000492.3 rs145483167
CFTR Chr7:117120064 c.-85C>G NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117120115 c.-34C>T NM_000492.3 rs756314710
CFTR Chr7:117120325 c.53+124T>C NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117179040 c.870-1113_870-1110delGAAT NM_000492.3 rs397508809
CFTR Chr7:117182041 c.1117-26_1117-25delAT NM_000492.3 rs397508159
CFTR Chr7:117199500 c.1393-18G>A NM_000492.3 rs397508199
CFTR Chr7:117218381 c.1585-9412A>G NM_000492.3 rs397508229
CFTR Chr7:117227774 c.1585-19T>C NM_000492.3 rs778457306
CFTR Chr7:117227921 c.1679+34G>T NM_000492.3 rs767901668
CFTR Chr7:117229521 c.1680-886A>G NM_000492.3 rs397508266
CFTR Chr7:117229524 c.1680-883A>G NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117229530 c.1680-877G>T NM_000492.3 rs397508261
CFTR Chr7:117243855 c.2908+19G>C NM_000492.3 rs370683572
CFTR Chr7:117246713 c.2909-15T>G NM_000492.3 rs397508455
CFTR Chr7:117246840 c.2988+33G>T NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117251609 c.3140-26A>G NM_000492.3 rs76151804
CFTR Chr7:117251619 c.3140-16T>A NM_000492.3 rs767232138
CFTR Chr7:117251624 c.3140-11A>G NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117266272 c.3469-1304C>G NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117267864 c.3717+40A>G NM_000492.3 rs397508595
CFTR Chr7:117280015 c.3718-2477C>T NM_000492.3 rs75039782
CFTR Chr7:117282680 c.3873+33A>G NM_000492.3 rs397508622
CFTR Chr7:117288374 c.3874-4522A>G NM_000492.3
CFTR Chr7:117308395 c.*1233T>A NM_000492.3
CHD7 Chr8:61734568 c.2836-15C>G NM_017780.3
CHD7 Chr8:61757794 c.5051-15T>A NM_017780.3
CHD7 Chr8:61763034 c.5405-18C>A NM_017780.3 rs199981784
CHD7 Chr8:61763035 c.5405-17G>A NM_017780.3 rs794727423
CHD7 Chr8:61763039 c.5405-13G>A NM_017780.3 rs1131690787
CLCN7 Chr16:1506057 c.916+57A>T NM_001287.5
CLCN7 Chr16:1507356 c.739-18G>A NM_001287.5 rs371893553
COG6 Chr13:40273614 c.1167-24A>G NM_020751.2 rs730882236
CTSC Chr11:88070895 c.-55C>A NM_001814.4 rs766114323
CYBA Chr16:88712620 c.288-15C>G NM_000101.3
CYBB ChrX:37639262 c.-69A>C NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37639262 NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37639264 c.-67T>C NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37639266 c.-65C>T NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37639267 c.-64C>T NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37641327 c.46-14_46-11delTTCTinsGAA NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37641330 c.46-11T>G NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37642713 c.142-28_142-12delACTCTGCTCCCTTTCCC NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37642731 c.142-12delCinsACCTCTTCTAG NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37654041 c.483+978G>T NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37656474 c.674+1080A>G NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37656731 c.674+1337T>G NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37657051 c.675-1157A>G NM_000397.3
CYBB ChrX:37664248 c.1152-11T>G NM_000397.3
DGKE Chr17:54925466 c.888+40A>G NM_003647.2
DKC1 ChrX:153991099 c.-142C>G NM_001363.3 rs199422241
DKC1 ChrX:153991100 c.-141C>G NM_001363.3
DKC1 ChrX:153993704 c.85-15T>C NM_001363.3
DNMT3B Chr20:31395557 c.2421-11G>A NM_006892.3 rs547940069
DOCK8 Chr9:317025 c.742-18C>G NM_203447.3 rs112373444
DOCK8 Chr9:317028 c.742-15T>G NM_203447.3 rs111627162
DOCK8 Chr9:368196 c.1797+61A>C NM_203447.3 rs786205596
FANCA Chr16:89805127 c.4261-19_4261-12delACCTGCTC NM_000135.3
FANCA Chr16:89816056 c.3239+82T>G NM_000135.2
FANCA Chr16:89818822 c.2982-192A>G NM_000135.2
FANCA Chr16:89831215 c.2778+83C>G NM_000135.2 rs750997715
FANCA Chr16:89836111 c.2504+134A>G NM_000135.2
FANCA Chr16:89836805 c.2223-138A>G NM_000135.2
FANCA Chr16:89849346 c.1567-20A>G NM_000135.2 rs775154397
FANCA Chr16:89864654 c.893+920C>A NM_000135.2
FAS Chr10:90770494 c.506-16A>G NM_000043.4
FASLG Chr1:172628081 c.-261T>C NM_000639.1
FOXP3 ChrX:49106917 c.*878A>G NM_014009.3
FOXP3 ChrX:49106919 c.*876A>G NM_014009.3
FOXP3 ChrX:49121118 c.-23+5G>A NM_014009.3
FOXP3 ChrX:49121121 c.-23+2T>G NM_014009.3
FOXP3 ChrX:49121122 c.-23+1G>A NM_014009.3
FOXP3 ChrX:49121122 c.-23+1G>T NM_014009.3
G6PC Chr17:41059684 c.446+39G>A NM_000151.3
G6PC Chr17:41059687 c.446+42G>A NM_000151.3
GATA2 Chr3:128202131 c.1017+572C>T NM_032638.4
GATA2 Chr3:128202162 c.1017+513_1017+540delGGAGTTTCCTATCCGGACATCTGCAGCC NM_032638.4
GATA2 Chr3:128202171 c.1017+532T>A NM_032638.4
GINS1 Chr20:25388397 c.-60A>G NM_021067.3
GINS1 Chr20:25388409 c.-48C>G NM_021067.3
IL10RB Chr21:34668714 c.*52C>T NM_000628.4
IL2RG ChrX:70327277 c.*307_*308delAA NM_000206.2
IL2RG ChrX:70327278 c.*308A>G NM_000206.2
IL2RG ChrX:70330553 c.270-15A>G NM_000206.2
IL2RG ChrX:70331494 c.-105C>T NM_000206.2
IL7R Chr5:35867853 c.379+288G>A NM_002185.3
IRAK4 Chr12:44178047 c.1188+520A>G NM_016123.3
ITGB2 Chr21:46320404 c.742-14C>A NM_000211.3 rs183204825
ITGB2 Chr21:46321660 c.500-12T>G NM_000211.3
JAK3 Chr19:17943239 c.2680+89G>A NM_000215.3
JAK3 Chr19:17946035 c.1915-11G>A NM_000215.3
LAMTOR2 Chr1:156028185 c.*23C>A NM_014017.3
MEFV Chr16:3306599 c.-12C>G NM_000243.2 rs104895148
MEFV Chr16:3306969 c.-382C>G NM_000243.2
MVK Chr12:110029032 c.769-7dupT NM_000431.2 rs104895348
OFD1 ChrX:13768358 c.935+706A>G NM_003611.2 rs730880283
OFD1 ChrX:13773245 c.1130-22_1130-19delAATT NM_003611.2 rs312262865
OFD1 ChrX:13773249 c.1130-20_1130-16delTTGGT NM_003611.2
PARN Chr16:14724045 c.-165+2C>T NM_001134477.2
PMS2 Chr7:6027263 c.1145-31_1145-13delCTGACCCTCTTCTCCGTCC NM_000535.5 rs751973268
PMS2 Chr7:6048599 c.23+21_23+28delTCCGGTGT NM_000535.5
PNP Chr14:20942914 c.286-18G>A NM_000270.3
POLA1 ChrX:24744696 c.1375-354A>G NM_016937.3 rs869312979
POLE Chr12:133249181 c.1686+32C>G NM_006231.2 rs762985435
POMP Chr13:29233225 c.-95delC NM_015932.5 rs112368783
PSENEN Chr19:36236501 c.-192_-190delAGA NM_172341.2 rs554724520
RAG2 Chr11:36619652 c.-28G>C NM_000536.3
RFXANK Chr19:19307761 c.188-11C>T NM_003721.3 rs201545133
RMRP Chr9:35658026 NR_003051.3 rs781730798
RMRP Chr9:35658026 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658026 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658026 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658027 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658027 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658027 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658027 NR_003051.3 rs727502775
RMRP Chr9:35658027 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658028 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658028 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658029 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658029 NR_003051.3
RMRP Chr9:35658032 NR_003051.3
RNASEH2B Chr13:51501530 c.65-13G>A NM_024570.3
RNASEH2B Chr13:51519550 c.511-13G>A NM_024570.3
RPSA Chr3:39448260 c.-34+5G>C NM_002295.4
SERPING1 Chr11:57365055 c.-163C>T NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57365057 c.-161A>G NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57365118 c.-100C>G NM_000062.2 rs578018379
SERPING1 Chr11:57365720 c.-22-2A>C/G NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57365720 c.-22-2A>C NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57365720 c.-22-2A>G NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57365721 c.-22-1G>A NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57373471 c.686-12A>G NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57373867 c.890-14C>G NM_000062.2
SERPING1 Chr11:57381788 c.1250-13G>A NM_000062.2
SH2D1A ChrX:123499593 c.138-17_138-11delAGTTTAT NM_002351.4
SLC29A3 Chr10:73122778 c.*413G>A NM_018344.5
SPINK5 Chr5:147465956 c.283-12T>A NM_006846.3
SPINK5 Chr5:147484503 c.1431-12G>A NM_006846.3 rs368134354
SPINK5 Chr5:147491511 c.1820+53G>A NM_006846.3 rs754599628
STX11 Chr6:144508713 c.*85_*86insT NM_003764.3
STXBP2 Chr19:7705761 c.326-23_326-16delGCCCCACT NM_006949.3
TAZ ChrX:153641699 n.694+4G>A NR_024048.1
TAZ ChrX:153649161 c.778-63_778-51delCTCCCAGGGCACC NM_000116.3 rs782249471
TBX1 Chr22:19743578 c.-777C>T NM_080647.1
TBX1 Chr22:19743735 c.-620A>C NM_080647.1 rs536892777
TCN2 Chr22:31011112 c.581-176A>T NM_000355.3
TCN2 Chr22:31011112 c.581-176A>G NM_000355.3 rs372866837
TERC Chr3:169482870 n.-22C>T NR_001566.1
TERC Chr3:169482906 NR_001566.1
TERC Chr3:169482948 n.-100C>G NR_001566.1 rs199422256
TERC Chr3:169483086 NR_001566.1 rs199422255
TERT Chr5:1271334 c.2383-15C>T NM_198253.2 rs574645600
TERT Chr5:1295161 c.-57A>C NM_198253.2
THBD Chr20:23030319 NM_000361.2
THBD Chr20:23030443 c.-302C>A NM_000361.2
TRNT1 Chr3:3188088 c.609-26T>C NM_182916.2
TTC7A Chr2:47249223 c.1510+105T>A NM_020458.2
UNC13D Chr17:73826245 c.2831-13G>A NM_199242.2
UNC13D Chr17:73827442 c.2448-13G>A NM_199242.2 rs753762300
UNC13D Chr17:73839907 c.118-307G>A NM_199242.2
UNC13D Chr17:73839908 c.118-308C>T NM_199242.2
WAS ChrX:48547690 c.1339-19_1339-11delTGATCCCTGinsATCTGCAGACC NM_000377.2
ZAP70 Chr2:98349927 c.838-80G>A NM_001079.3 rs113994173
ZAP70 Chr2:98354447 c.1624-11G>A NM_001079.3 rs730880318

Test Strengths

The strengths of this test include:

  • CAP accredited laboratory
  • CLIA-certified personnel performing clinical testing in a CLIA-certified laboratory
  • Powerful sequencing technologies, advanced target enrichment methods and precision bioinformatics pipelines ensure superior analytical performance
  • Careful construction of clinically effective and scientifically justified gene panels
  • Some of the panels include the whole mitochondrial genome (please see the Panel Content section)
  • Our Nucleus online portal providing transparent and easy access to quality and performance data at the patient level
  • ~2,000 non-coding disease causing variants in our clinical grade NGS assay for panels (please see ‘Non-coding disease causing variants covered by this panel’ in the Panel Content section)
  • Our rigorous variant classification scheme
  • Our systematic clinical interpretation workflow using proprietary software enabling accurate and traceable processing of NGS data
  • Our comprehensive clinical statements

Test Limitations

The following exons are not included in the panel as they are not sufficiently covered with high quality sequence reads: *C5* (NM_001317164:21), *CD55* (NM_001114752:10;NM_001300903:10), *CORO1A* (NM_007074:11), *CSF2RA* (NM_001161530:9), *IL12RB1* (NM_153701:10), *NCF1* (NM_000265:1,5,8,9,11), *TNFRSF1A* (NM_001346092:6), *USP18* (NM_017414:11), *VPS45* (NM_001279353:13). Genes with suboptimal coverage in our assay are marked with number sign (#) and genes with partial, or whole gene, segmental duplications in the human genome are marked with an asterisk (*) if they overlap with the UCSC pseudogene regions. Gene is considered to have suboptimal coverage when >90% of the gene’s target nucleotides are not covered at >20x with mapping quality score (MQ>20) reads. The technology may have limited sensitivity to detect variants in genes marked with these symbols (please see the Panel content table above).

This test does not detect the following:

  • Complex inversions
  • Gene conversions
  • Balanced translocations
  • Some of the panels include the whole mitochondrial genome but not all (please see the Panel Content section)
  • Repeat expansion disorders unless specifically mentioned
  • Non-coding variants deeper than ±20 base pairs from exon-intron boundary unless otherwise indicated (please see above Panel Content / non-coding variants covered by the panel).

This test may not reliably detect the following:

  • Low level mosaicism in nuclear genes (variant with a minor allele fraction of 14.6% is detected with 90% probability)
  • Stretches of mononucleotide repeats
  • Low level heteroplasmy in mtDNA (>90% are detected at 5% level)
  • Indels larger than 50bp
  • Single exon deletions or duplications
  • Variants within pseudogene regions/duplicated segments
  • Some disease causing variants present in mtDNA are not detectable from blood, thus post-mitotic tissue such as skeletal muscle may be required for establishing molecular diagnosis.

The sensitivity of this test may be reduced if DNA is extracted by a laboratory other than Blueprint Genetics.

For additional information, please refer to the Test performance section.

The genes on the panel have been carefully selected based on scientific literature, mutation databases and our experience.

Our panels are sectioned from our high-quality, clinical grade NGS assay. Please see our sequencing and detection performance table for details regarding our ability to detect different types of alterations (Table).

Assays have been validated for various sample types including EDTA-blood, isolated DNA (excluding from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue), saliva and dry blood spots (filter cards). These sample types were selected in order to maximize the likelihood for high-quality DNA yield. The diagnostic yield varies depending on the assay used, referring healthcare professional, hospital and country. Plus analysis increases the likelihood of finding a genetic diagnosis for your patient, as large deletions and duplications cannot be detected using sequence analysis alone. Blueprint Genetics’ Plus Analysis is a combination of both sequencing and deletion/duplication (copy number variant (CNV)) analysis.

The performance metrics listed below are from an initial validation performed at our main laboratory in Finland. The performance metrics of our laboratory in Marlborough, MA, are equivalent.

Performance of Blueprint Genetics high-quality, clinical grade NGS sequencing assay for panels.

Sensitivity % (TP/(TP+FN) Specificity %
Single nucleotide variants 99.89% (99,153/99,266) >99.9999%
Insertions, deletions and indels by sequence analysis
1-10 bps 99.2% (7,745/7,806) >99.9999%
11-50 bps 99.13% (2,524/2,546) >99.9999%
Copy number variants (exon level dels/dups)
1 exon level deletion (heterozygous) 100% (20/20) NA
1 exon level deletion (homozygous) 100% (5/5) NA
1 exon level deletion (het or homo) 100% (25/25) NA
2-7 exon level deletion (het or homo) 100% (44/44) NA
1-9 exon level duplication (het or homo) 75% (6/8) NA
Simulated CNV detection
5 exons level deletion/duplication 98.7% 100.00%
Microdeletion/-duplication sdrs (large CNVs, n=37))
Size range (0.1-47 Mb) 100% (25/25)
     
The performance presented above reached by Blueprint Genetics high-quality, clinical grade NGS sequencing assay with the following coverage metrics
     
Mean sequencing depth 143X
Nucleotides with >20x sequencing coverage (%) 99.86%

Performance of Blueprint Genetics Mitochondrial Sequencing Assay.

Sensitivity % Specificity %
ANALYTIC VALIDATION (NA samples; n=4)
Single nucleotide variants
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 100.0% (50/50) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (35-45%) 100.0% (87/87) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (25-35%) 100.0% (73/73) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15-25%) 100.0% (77/77) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10-15%) 100.0% (74/74) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-10%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 50.0% (2/4) 100.0%
CLINICAL VALIDATION (n=76 samples)
All types
Single nucleotide variants n=2026 SNVs
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 100.0% (1940/1940) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (35-45%) 100.0% (4/4) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (25-35%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15-25%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10-15%) 100.0% (9/9) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-10%) 92.3% (12/13) 99.98%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 88.9% (48/54) 99.93%
Insertions and deletions by sequence analysis n=40 indels
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 1-10bp 100.0% (32/32) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-45%) 1-10bp 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 1-10bp 100.0% (5/5) 99,997%
SIMULATION DATA /(mitomap mutations)
Insertions, and deletions 1-24 bps by sequence analysis; n=17
Homoplasmic (100%) 1-24bp 100.0% (17/17) 99.98%
Heteroplasmic (50%) 100.0% (17/17) 99.99%
Heteroplasmic (25%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (20%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10%) 94.1% (16/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5%) 94.1% (16/17) 100.0%
Copy number variants (separate artifical mutations; n=1500)
Homoplasmic (100%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (50%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (30%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (20%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 99.7% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 99.0% 100.0%
The performance presented above reached by following coverage metrics at assay level (n=66)
Mean of medians Median of medians
Mean sequencing depth MQ0 (clinical) 18224X 17366X
Nucleotides with >1000x MQ0 sequencing coverage (%) (clinical) 100%
rho zero cell line (=no mtDNA), mean sequencing depth 12X

The target region for each gene includes coding exons and ±20 base pairs from the exon-intron boundary. In addition, the panel includes non-coding and regulatory variants if listed above (Non-coding variants covered by the panel). Some regions of the gene(s) may be removed from the panel if specifically mentioned in the ‘Test limitations” section above. If the test includes the mitochondrial genome the target region gene list contains the mitochondrial genes. The sequencing data generated in our laboratory is analyzed with our proprietary data analysis and annotation pipeline, integrating state-of-the art algorithms and industry-standard software solutions. Incorporation of rigorous quality control steps throughout the workflow of the pipeline ensures the consistency, validity and accuracy of results. Our pipeline is streamlined to maximize sensitivity without sacrificing specificity. We have incorporated a number of reference population databases and mutation databases including, but not limited, to 1000 Genomes Project, gnomAD, ClinVar and HGMD into our clinical interpretation software to make the process effective and efficient. For missense variants, in silico variant prediction tools such as  SIFT, PolyPhen,MutationTaster are used to assist with variant classification. Through our online ordering and statement reporting system, Nucleus, ordering providers have access to the details of the analysis, including patient specific sequencing metrics, a gene level coverage plot and a list of regions with suboptimal coverage (<20X for nuclear genes and <1000X for mtDNA) if applicable. This reflects our mission to build fully transparent diagnostics where ordering providers can easily visualize the crucial details of the analysis process.

We provide customers with the most comprehensive clinical report available on the market. Clinical interpretation requires a fundamental understanding of clinical genetics and genetic principles. At Blueprint Genetics, our PhD molecular geneticists, medical geneticists, and clinical consultants prepare the clinical statement together by evaluating the identified variants in the context of the phenotypic information provided in the requisition form. Our goal is to provide clinically meaningful statements that are understandable for all medical professionals regardless of whether they have formal training in genetics.

Variant classification is the cornerstone of clinical interpretation and resulting patient management decisions. Our classifications follow the ACMG guideline 2015.

The final step in the analysis is orthogonal confirmation. Sequence and copy number variants classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are confirmed using bi-directional Sanger sequencing or by orthogonal methods such as qPCR/ddPCR when they do not meet our stringent NGS quality metrics for a true positive call.

Our clinical statement includes tables for sequencing and copy number variants that include basic variant information (genomic coordinates, HGVS nomenclature, zygosity, allele frequencies, in silico predictions, OMIM phenotypes, and classification of the variant). In addition, the statement includes detailed descriptions of the variant, gene, and phenotype(s) including the role of the specific gene in human disease, the mutation profile, information about the gene’s variation in population cohorts, and detailed information about related phenotypes. We also provide links to the references, abstracts, and variant databases used to help ordering providers further evaluate the reported findings if desired. The conclusion summarizes all of the existing information and provides our rationale for the classification of the variant.

Identification of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in dominant disorders or their combinations in different alleles in recessive disorders are considered molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. In these cases, family member testing can be used for risk stratification. We do not recommend using variants of uncertain significance (VUS) for family member risk stratification or patient management. Genetic counseling is recommended.

Our interpretation team analyzes millions of variants from thousands of individuals with rare diseases. Our internal database and our understanding of variants and related phenotypes increases with every case analyzed. Our laboratory is therefore well-positioned to re-classify previously reported variants as new information becomes available. If a variant previously reported by Blueprint Genetics is re-classified, our laboratory will issue a follow-up statement to the original ordering healthcare provider at no additional cost, according to our latest follow-up reporting policy.