Blueprint Genetics / Tests / Panels / Metabolic Disorders / Comprehensive Metabolism Panel

Comprehensive Metabolism Panel

Summary
Is a 505 gene panel that includes assessment of non-coding variants.

In addition, it also includes the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome.
Is ideal for patients with a clinical suspicion of an inborn error of metabolism.

Analysis methods
  • PLUS
Availability
4 weeks
Number of genes
505
Test code
ME0701
Panel tier
Tier 3
CPT Code *
81161, 81403 x3, 81404 x18, 81405 x43, 81406 x57, 81407 x4, 81408 x4, 81479, 81460, 81465, 81440
* The CPT codes provided are based on AMA guidelines and are for informational purposes only. CPT coding is the sole responsibility of the billing party. Please direct any questions regarding coding to the payer being billed.

Summary

The Blueprint Genetics Comprehensive Metabolism Panel (test code ME0701):

Read about our accreditations, certifications and CE-marked IVD medical devices here.

All exons of the *GBA* gene have segmentally duplicated pseudogenes that reduce sensitivity of NGS diagnostics in general. However, Blueprint Genetics custom assay has good coverage (>20x) with high mapping rates (mapping quality >40) for 100.0% of the target regions in *GBA* gene. Our validation showed high mean coverage of 184X for the *GBA* gene. Thus, our NGS Panel is not expected to have major limitations in detecting variants in *GBA* gene although clinical validation has not been performed at large scale for Gaucher disease.

ICD Codes

Refer to the most current version of ICD-10-CM manual for a complete list of ICD-10 codes.

Sample Requirements

  • Blood (min. 1ml) in an EDTA tube
  • Extracted DNA, min. 2 μg in TE buffer or equivalent
  • Saliva (Please see Sample Requirements for accepted saliva kits)

Label the sample tube with your patient’s name, date of birth and the date of sample collection.

We do not accept DNA samples isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. In addition, if the patient is affected with a hematological malignancy, DNA extracted from a non-hematological source (e.g. skin fibroblasts) is strongly recommended.

Please note that, in rare cases, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) variants may not be detectable in blood or saliva in which case DNA extracted from post-mitotic tissue such as skeletal muscle may be a better option.

Read more about our sample requirements here.

Metabolic disorders often have similar and overlapping symptoms. They may be difficult to subtype without definitive information on the causative mutations and genes. This panel includes well over 400 genes – comprehensive enough to cover the majority of known monogenic metabolic syndromes, deficiencies and diseases. Most phenotypes covered by this panel result from mutations making specific enzymes defective in metabolic pathways. This often results in the accumulation of toxic intermediate products or the loss of specific end products required in metabolic pathways. Additionally, conditions covered by this panel include those with an imbalance in using, storing or converting energy. Most inherited metabolic disorders are quite rare. However, the combined prevalence is estimated at 1:1,000 or 1:2000 newborns. Some specific populations, where the genetic heterogeneity is smaller, may even have much higher numbers.

Genes in the Comprehensive Metabolism Panel and their clinical significance

To view complete table content, scroll horizontally.

Gene Associated phenotypes Inheritance ClinVar HGMD
ABCC8 Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, Diabetes, permanent neonatal, Hypoglycemia, leucine-induced, Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) AD/AR 170 641
ABCD1* Adrenoleukodystrophy XL 95 663
ABCD3 Zellweger syndrome AR 1 3
ABCD4 Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria AR 6 7
ACAD8 Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 12 21
ACAD9 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, deficiency AR 26 61
ACADL Long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AD/AR 1
ACADM Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, medium chain, deficiency AR 104 169
ACADS Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain, deficiency AR 43 81
ACADSB 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 8 12
ACADVL Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain, deficiency AR 119 282
ACAT1 Alpha-methylacetoacetic aciduria AR 31 95
ACOX1 Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency AD/AR 15 26
ACSF3 Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria AR 18 22
ACY1 Aminoacylase 1 deficiency AR 5 14
ADA Severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency AR 49 93
ADAMTSL2#* Geleophysic dysplasia 3 AR 8 28
ADAR Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AD/AR 25 226
ADCK3 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, Progressive cerebellar ataxia and atrophy, Spinocerebellar ataxia AR 45 43
ADK Hypermethioninemia due to adenosine kinase deficiency AR 6 14
ADSL Adenylosuccinase deficiency AR 24 57
AGA Aspartylglucosaminuria AR 48 37
AGK* Sengers syndrome, Cataract 38 AR 18 27
AGL Glycogen storage disease AR 142 245
AGPAT2 Lipodystrophy, congenital generalized AR 25 39
AGPS Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 3 AR 4 8
AGXT Hyperoxaluria AR 190 205
AHCY Hypermethioninemia with S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency AR 3 9
AKT2 Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with hemihypertrophy AD 4 6
ALAD Porphyria, acute hepatic AR 6 11
ALAS2 Anemia, sideroblastic, Protoporphyria, erythropoietic XL 27 103
ALDH5A1 Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency AR 16 70
ALDH7A1 Epilepsy, pyridoxine-dependent AR 52 123
ALDOA Glycogen storage disease AR 3 8
ALDOB Fructose intolerance, hereditary AR 41 67
ALG1* Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 25 43
ALG11 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 11 14
ALG12 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 11 15
ALG13 Congenital disorder of glycosylation XL 5 12
ALG2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital AR 5 5
ALG3 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 9 18
ALG6 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 28 24
ALG8# Congenital disorder of glycosylation AD/AR 10 17
ALG9 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome AR 4 4
AMACR Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency, Bile acid synthesis defect AR 3 8
AMN Megaloblastic anemia-1, Norwegian AR 29 34
AMPD1 Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency AR 5 10
AMT Glycine encephalopathy AR 42 95
ANO10 Spinocerebellar ataxia AR 19 18
ANO5 Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia, LGMD2L and distal MMD3 muscular dystrophies AD/AR 64 121
ANTXR2 Hyalinosis, infantile systemic, Fibromatosis, juveline hyaline AR 17 47
APRT Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency AR 11 47
APTX Ataxia, early-onset, with oculomotor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia AR 14 46
ARG1 Hyperargininemia AR 28 54
ARSA Metachromatic leukodystrophy AR 113 246
ARSB Mucopolysaccharidosis (Maroteaux-Lamy) AR 118 201
ASAH1 Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, Farber lipogranulomatosis AR 16 71
ASL Argininosuccinic aciduria AR 56 162
ASPA Aspartoacylase deficiency (Canavan disease) AR 54 102
ASS1 Citrullinemia AR 70 153
ATIC AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase deficiency AR 2 6
ATP13A2 Parkinson disease (Kufor-Rakeb syndrome) AR 21 40
ATP2A1 Brody myopathy AR 19 18
ATP6V0A2 Cutis laxa, Wrinkly skin syndrome AR 16 56
ATP7B Wilson disease AR 219 897
AUH 3-methylglutaconic aciduria AR 12 11
B3GALNT2# Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 18 14
B3GLCT Peters-plus syndrome AR 9 15
B4GALT1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 1 2
B4GAT1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 13 AR 3 5
BCKDHA Maple syrup urine disease AR 57 98
BCKDHB Maple syrup urine disease AR 87 103
BCS1L Bjornstad syndrome, GRACILE syndrome, Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 1 AR 42 37
BOLA3 Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 2 AR 3 6
BSCL2 Lipodystrophy, congenital generalized, Encephalopathy, progressive, Neuropathy, distal hereditary motor, type VA, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2, Silver syndrome, Silver spastic paraplegia syndrome, Spastic paraplegia 17 AD/AR 34 50
BSND Sensorineural deafness with mild renal dysfunction, Bartter syndrome AR 10 20
BTD Biotinidase deficiency AR 170 247
C10ORF2 Perrault syndrome, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant, 3 AD/AR 37 80
C12ORF65 Spastic paraplegia, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency AR 10 11
CA5A* Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency AR 6 7
CACNA1S Hypokalemic periodic paralysis, Malignant hyperthermia, Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis AD/AR 14 47
CAPN3 Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Eosinophilic myositis AD/AR 184 437
CASQ1 Myopathy, vacuolar, with CASQ1 aggregates AD 2 5
CASR Hypocalcemia, Neonatal hyperparathyroidism, Familial Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia with transient Neonatal hyperparathyroidism AD/AR 104 396
CAV1 Partial lipodystrophy, congenital cataracts, and neurodegeneration syndrome, Lipodystrophy, congenital generalized, Pulmonary hypertension, primary 3 AD/AR 7 11
CAV3 Creatine phosphokinase, elevated serum, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Long QT syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type IC, Myopathy, distal, Tateyama type, Rippling muscle disease 2 AD/AR 23 50
CBS Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency AR 88 205
CD320 Methylmalonic aciduria due to transcobalamin receptor defect AR 2
CHKB Muscular dystrophy, congenital, megaconial AR 11 27
CIDEC* Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 5 AR 2 1
CLCN1 Myotonia congenita, Myotonia congenita, Myotonia levior AD/AR 86 313
CLCNKB* Bartter syndrome AR/Digenic 19 119
CLDN16 Hypomagnesemia, renal AR 21 62
CLDN19 Hypomagnesemia, renal AR 7 20
CLN3 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, type 3 AR 100 72
CLN5 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, type 5 AR 62 47
CLN6 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, type 6 AR 41 83
CLN8 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, type 8 AR 45 44
CLPB 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with cataracts, neurologic involvement, and neutropenia (MEGCANN) AD/AR 26 25
CNNM2 Hypomagnesemia, renal, Hypomagnesemia, seizures, and mental retardation AD/AR 5 6
CNNM4 Jalili syndrome AR 11 24
COG1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 4 3
COG4 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AD/AR 12 4
COG5 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 4 13
COG6 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Shaheen syndrome AR 10 9
COG7 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 7 5
COG8 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 5 7
COL11A2 Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome, Deafness, Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, Fibrochondrogenesis, Stickler syndrome type 3 (non-ocular) AD/AR 29 57
COL2A1 Avascular necrosis of femoral head, Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, Epiphyseal dysplasia, with myopia and deafness, Czech dysplasia, Achondrogenesis type 2, Platyspondylic dysplasia Torrance type, Hypochondrogenesis, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenital (SEDC), Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) Strudwick type, Kniest dysplasia, Spondyloperipheral dysplasia, Mild SED with premature onset arthrosis, SED with metatarsal shortening, Stickler syndrome type 1 AD 180 561
COQ2 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency AR 16 31
COQ4 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency 7 AR 14 13
COQ5 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency AR 1 2
COQ6 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency AR 14 15
COQ7 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary 8 AR 1 2
COQ9 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency AR 2 5
CPOX Coproporphyria, Harderoporphyria AD/AR 15 70
CPS1 Carbamoylphosphate synthetase I deficiency AR 61 269
CPT1A Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency AR 60 51
CPT2 Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency AR 72 111
CTDP1 Congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism, and neuropathy AR 1 1
CTH Cystathioninuria AR 5 9
CTNS Cystinosis AR 76 148
CTSA Galactosialidosis AR 17 38
CTSC Periodontitis, juvenile, Haim-Munk syndrome, Papillon-Lefevre syndrome AR 19 92
CTSD Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal AR 12 18
CTSK Pycnodysostosis AR 35 58
CUBN* Megaloblastic anemia-1, Finnish AR 42 53
D2HGDH D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria 1 AR 13 33
DAG1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 12 10
DBT Maple syrup urine disease AR 39 75
DDOST Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 3 2
DGUOK Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, Portal hypertension, noncirrhotic, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 4 AR 23 62
DHCR7 Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome AR 88 217
DHDDS Retinitis pigmentosa, Developmental delay and seizures with or without movement abnormalities (DEDSM) AD/AR 5 8
DHODH Postaxial acrofacial dysostosis (Miller syndrome) AR 8 20
DLD Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency AR 36 21
DMD Becker muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) XL 832 3915
DNAJB6 Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AD 11 17
DNAJC12 Hyperphenylalaninemia, mild, non-BH4-deficient, Dystonia, Other hyperphenylalaninemias AR 3 8
DNM1L Encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission 1 AD/AR 17 20
DOLK Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 8 11
DPAGT1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital AR 16 32
DPM1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 9 8
DPM2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 2 2
DPM3 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy AR 3 2
DPYD 5-fluorouracil toxicity AD/AR 62 86
DPYS Dihydropyriminidase deficiency AR 8 29
DYM Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia, Smith-McCort dysplasia AR 22 34
DYSF Miyoshi muscular dystrophy, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Myopathy, distal, with anterior tibial onset AR 244 529
EBP Chondrodysplasia punctata, Male EBP disorder with neurologic defects (MEND) XL 43 90
ECHS1 Mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency AR 23 33
EGF Hypomagnesemia, renal AR 1 4
EMD Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy XL 48 113
ENO3 Glycogen storage disease AR 3 6
EPM2A Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic AR 17 77
ETFA Glutaric aciduria, Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 8 29
ETFB Glutaric aciduria, Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 6 15
ETFDH Glutaric aciduria, Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 43 190
FAH Tyrosinemia AR 53 102
FAM111A Kenny-Caffey syndrome, type 2 AD 5 9
FBP1 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency AR 25 44
FBXL4 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AR 55 47
FDX1L Myopathy AR 1 2
FECH Protoporphyria, erythropoietic AD/AR 14 193
FH Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, Fumarase deficiency AD/AR 178 207
FHL1* Myopathy with postural muscle atrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Reducing bod myopathy XL 26 62
FKRP Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 66 140
FKTN Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle) AR 45 58
FLAD1 Lipid storage myopathy due to FLAD1 deficiency (LSMFLAD) AR 9 10
FLNA Frontometaphyseal dysplasia, Osteodysplasty Melnick-Needles, Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1, Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2, Terminal osseous dysplasia with pigmentary defects, Periventricular nodular heterotopia 1, Melnick-Needles syndrome, Intestinal pseudoobstruction, neuronal, X-linked/Congenital short bowel syndrome, Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked XL 133 257
FLNB Larsen syndrome (dominant), Atelosteogenesis type 1, Atelosteogenesis type 3, Spondylo-carpal-tarsal dyspasia, Boomerang dysplasia AD/AR 43 121
FMO3 Trimethylaminuria AR 21 52
FOLR1 Cerebral folate deficiency AR 10 28
FOXRED1 Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency AR 15 8
FUCA1 Fucosidosis AR 19 33
FUT8 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 4 4
FXYD2 Hypomagnesemia, renal AD 1 1
G6PC Glycogen storage disease AR 46 117
GAA Glycogen storage disease AR 193 573
GALC Krabbe disease AR 107 243
GALE Galactose epimerase deficiency AR 12 26
GALK1 Galactokinase deficiency AR 15 44
GALNS Mucopolysaccharidosis (Morquio syndrome) AR 53 334
GALT Galactosemia AR 238 330
GAMT Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency AR 18 58
GATM Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency AD/AR 7 21
GBA* Gaucher disease AR 84 488
GBE1 Glycogen storage disease AR 36 70
GCDH Glutaric aciduria AR 90 241
GCH1 Dopa-Responsive Dystonia Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient, GTP Cyclohydrolase 1-Deficient Dopa-Responsive Dystonia AD/AR 48 240
GCK Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 2 AD/AR 178 837
GCSH Glycine encephalopathy AR 4 2
GFM1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency AR 19 19
GIF Intrinsic factor deficiency AR 7 22
GLA Fabry disease XL 226 937
GLB1 GM1-gangliosidosis, Mucopolysaccharidosis (Morquio syndrome) AR 90 220
GLDC Glycine encephalopathy AR 139 425
GLRX5 Spasticity, childhood-onset, with hyperglycinemia AR 5 6
GLUD1* Hyperammonemia-hyperinsulinism, Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia AD/AR 14 38
GLUL Glutamine deficiency, congenital AR 4 3
GM2A GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant AR 10 12
GMPPA Alacrima, achalasia, and mental retardation syndrome AR 6 12
GMPPB Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 19 41
GNE Proximal myopathy and ophthalmoplegia, Nonaka myopathy, Sialuria AD/AR 78 214
GNMT Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency AR 3 5
GNPAT Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, rhizomelic AR 8 14
GNPTAB Mucolipidosis AR 166 184
GNPTG Mucolipidosis AR 45 46
GNS Mucopolysaccharidosis (Sanfilippo syndrome) AR 7 25
GPC3 Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome XL 33 75
GPHN Hyperekplexia, Molybdenum cofactor deficiency AD/AR 35 20
GUSB* Mucopolysaccharidosis AR 27 62
GYG1 Glycogen storage disease, Polyglucosan body myopathy 2 AR 9 16
GYS1 Glycogen storage disease AR 8 5
GYS2 Glycogen storage disease AR 20 23
HADH 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 10 26
HADHA Trifunctional protein deficiency, Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency AR 65 71
HADHB Trifunctional protein deficiency AR 20 65
HAMP Hemochromatosis AR 5 15
HCFC1 Combined methylmalonic acidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia XL 9 17
HEXA Tay-Sachs disease, GM2-gangliosidosis, Hexosaminidase A deficiency AR 128 194
HEXB Sandhoff disease AR 55 120
HFE Hemochromatosis AR/Digenic 11 56
HFE2 Hemochromatosis AR 19 51
HGD Alkaptonuria AR 43 136
HGSNAT Mucopolysaccharidosis (Sanfilippo syndrome), Retinitis pigmentosa AR 43 72
HIBCH 3-hydroxyisobutryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency AR 18 16
HLCS Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency AR 34 47
HMBS Porphyria, acute intermittent, Hydroxymethylbilane synthase deficiency AD/AR 55 419
HMGCL 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency AR 24 60
HMGCS2 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 deficiency AR 9 30
HNF1A Maturity onset diabetes of the young, Renal cell carcinoma, nonpapillary clear cell, Liver adenomatosis AD 78 528
HNF1B Renal cell carcinoma, nonpapillary chromophobe, Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome AD 35 234
HNF4A Congenital hyperinsulinism, diazoxide-responsive, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, Fanconi renotubular syndrome 4 with maturity-onset diabetes of the young AD 32 147
HPD Hawksinuria, Tyrosinemia AD/AR 6 9
HPRT1 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome XL 72 427
HRAS Costello syndrome, Congenital myopathy with excess of muscle spindles AD 43 31
HSD17B10 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase X deficiency, Mental retardation, syndromic XL 10 15
HSD17B4 Perrault syndrome, D-bifunctional protein deficiency AR 60 99
HYAL1 Mucopolysaccharidosis AR 2 3
IDH2 D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria 2 AD 10 4
IDS* Mucopolysaccharidosis XL 85 637
IDUA Mucopolysaccharidosis AR 105 282
IFIH1 Singleton-Merten syndrome, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 7 AD/AR 14 19
INSR Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, Donohoe syndrome AD/AR 44 190
ISCU Myopathy with lactic acidosis AR 3 3
IVD Isovaleric acidemia AR 51 90
KCNA1 Episodic ataxia/myokymia syndrome AD 24 45
KCNJ10 Seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (SESAME syndrome), Pendred syndrome, Enlarged vestibular aqueduct AR/Digenic 13 29
KCNJ11 Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, Diabetes, permanent neonatal, Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 13, Paternally-inherited mutations can cause Focal adenomatous hyperplasia AD/AR 63 178
KCNJ2 Short QT syndrome, Andersen syndrome, Long QT syndrome, Atrial fibrillation AD 41 93
L2HGDH L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria AR 15 79
LAMA2 Muscular dystrophy, congenital merosin-deficient AR 199 301
LAMP2 Danon disease XL 62 101
LARGE Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 19 27
LCT Lactase deficiency AR 11 15
LDB3 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Myopathy, myofibrillar AD 9 14
LDHA Glycogen storage disease AR 1 9
LIAS Pyruvate dehydrogensae lipoic acid synthetase deficiency AR 11 8
LIPA Wolman disease, Cholesterol ester storage disease AR 27 93
LIPE Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 4 AR 3 4
LIPT1 Lipoyltransferase 1 deficiency AR 9 9
LMBRD1 Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria AR 4 9
LMNA Heart-hand syndrome, Slovenian, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Muscular dystrophy, congenital, LMNA-related, Lipodystrophy (Dunnigan), Emery-Dreiffus muscular dystrophy, Malouf syndrome, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A, Progeria Hutchinson-Gilford type AD/AR 250 564
LPIN1 Myoglobinuria, acute, recurrent AR 6 29
MAGT1 Immunodeficiency, with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia, Mental retardation, X-linked 95 XL 8 14
MAN1B1 Intellectual developmental disorder AR 8 26
MAN2B1 Mannosidosis, alpha B, lysosomal AR 63 149
MANBA Mannosidosis, lysosomal AR 16 19
MCCC1 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency AR 40 105
MCCC2 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency AR 24 114
MCEE Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase deficiency AR 1 4
MCOLN1 Mucolipidosis AR 52 36
MFN2 Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease AD/AR 70 223
MFSD8 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal AR 27 47
MGAT2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 6 5
MLYCD Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency AR 14 38
MMAA Methylmalonic acidemia AR 61 75
MMAB Methylmalonic acidemia AR 31 40
MMACHC Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria AR 59 93
MMADHC Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria AR 16 13
MOCOS Xanthinuria, type II AR 3 5
MOCS1* Molybdenum cofactor deficiency AR 7 35
MOCS2 Molybdenum cofactor deficiency AR 10 16
MOGS Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 7 8
MPDU1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 7 7
MPI Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 27 20
MPV17 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AR 35 50
MT-ATP6 Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Ataxia and polyneuropathy, adult-onset, Cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic, Leigh syndrome, Striatonigral degeneration, infantile, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 19
MT-ATP8 Cardiomyopathy, apical hypertrophic, and neuropathy, Cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic Mitochondrial 4
MT-CO1 Myoglobinuria, recurrent, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Sideroblastic anemia, Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, Deafness, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 17
MT-CO2 Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency Mitochondrial 8
MT-CO3 Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy Mitochondrial 9
MT-CYB Mitochondrial 69
MT-ND1 Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Leber optic atrophy and dystonia Mitochondrial 21
MT-ND2 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 6
MT-ND3 Leber optic atrophy and dystonia, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 7
MT-ND4 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Leber optic atrophy and dystonia, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 11
MT-ND4L Leber hereditary optic neuropathy Mitochondrial 2
MT-ND5 Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 19
MT-ND6 Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Oncocytoma, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, Leber optic atrophy and dystonia, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency Mitochondrial 16
MT-RNR1 Deafness, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 3
MT-RNR2 Chloramphenicol toxicity/resistance Mitochondrial 2
MT-TA Mitochondrial 4
MT-TC Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 3
MT-TD Mitochondrial 1
MT-TE Diabetes-deafness syndrome, Mitochondrial myopathy, infantile, transient, Mitochondrial myopathy with diabetes Mitochondrial 5
MT-TF Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Nephropathy, tubulointerstitial, Encephalopathy, mitochondrial, Epilepsy, mitochondrial, Myopathy, mitochondrial, Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 7
MT-TG Mitochondrial 3
MT-TH Mitochondrial 4
MT-TI Mitochondrial 7
MT-TK Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Leigh syndrome Mitochondrial 5
MT-TL1 Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Diabetes-deafness syndrome, Cyclic vomiting syndrome, SIDS, susceptibility to Mitochondrial 14
MT-TL2 Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Mitochondrial Myopathy, Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 5
MT-TM Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 1
MT-TN Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 3
MT-TP Mitochondrial 2
MT-TQ Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 2
MT-TR Encephalopathy, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 2
MT-TS1 Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 10
MT-TS2 Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 2
MT-TT Mitochondrial 5
MT-TV Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder, Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes Mitochondrial 3
MT-TW Leigh syndrome, Myopathy, mitochondrial Mitochondrial 8
MT-TY Mitochondrial multisystemic disorder Mitochondrial 4
MTHFR Homocystinuria due to MTHFR deficiency AR 65 122
MTR Methylmalonic acidemia AR 13 43
MTRR Homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia, cobalamin E AR 10 31
MUT Methylmalonic acidemia due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency AR 159 366
MYH3 Arthrogryposis AD/AR 21 45
MYOT Myopathy, myofibrillar, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, 1A, Myopathy, spheroid body AD 6 16
NAGA Kanzaki disease, Alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency, Schindler disease type I, Schindler disease type III AR 7 10
NAGLU Mucopolysaccharidosis (Sanfilippo syndrome), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2V AR 74 171
NAGS N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency AR 12 48
NBAS Infantile liver failure syndrome 2, Short stature, optic nerve atrophy, and Pelger-Huet anomaly (SOPH syndrome) AR 23 43
NDUFAF2 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, Leigh syndrome AR 9 8
NDUFS1 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency AR 22 28
NEU1 Sialidosis AR 22 62
NFU1 Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1 AR 6 15
NGLY1 Congenital disorder of deglycosylation AR 26 22
NHLRC1 Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic AR 14 70
NIPA2 Hypomagnesemia AD/AR 1 4
NPC1 Niemann-Pick disease AR 164 472
NPC2 Niemann-pick disease AR 21 27
NT5C3A Uridine 5-prime monophosphate hydrolase deficiency, hemolytic anemia due to AR 10 28
OAT Gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina AR 67 71
OPA1 Optic atrophy, Optic atrophy 1, Optic atrophy with or without deafness, Ophthalmoplegia, myopathy, ataxia, and neuropathy, Behr synrome, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 14 AD/AR 96 390
OPA3 Optic atrophy, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria AD/AR 13 15
OTC Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency XL 343 513
OXCT1 Succinyl CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase deficiency AR 7 33
PAH Hyperphenylalaninemia, non-PKU mild, Phenylketonuria AR 294 966
PC Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency AR 32 41
PCBD1 Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient AR 6 11
PCCA Propionic acidemia AR 66 125
PCCB# Propionic acidemia AR 68 115
PCK1 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 deficiency AD/AR 2 3
PDHA1 Leigh syndrome, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency XL 66 192
PDHB Pyruvate dehydrogensae E1-beta deficiency AR 4 13
PDHX Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3-binding protein deficiency AR 14 22
PDSS1# Coenzyme Q10 deficiency AR 5 3
PDSS2 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency AR 8 4
PDX1 Pancreatic agenesis, Neonatal diabetes mellitus, Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 4, Lactic acidemia due to PDX1 deficiency AD/AR 10 28
PEPD Prolidase deficiency AR 12 31
PEX1 Heimler syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis factor disorder 1A, Peroxisome biogenesis factor disorder 1B AR 112 134
PEX10 Adrenoleukodystrophy, neonatal, Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder, Ataxia AR 34 29
PEX11B Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 5 7
PEX12 Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 43 37
PEX13 Adrenoleukodystrophy, neonatal, Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 9 10
PEX14 Peroxisome biogenesis factor disorder 14, Zellweger syndrome AR 5 4
PEX16 Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 8 13
PEX19 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder, 19, Zellweger syndrome AR 3 4
PEX2 Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 16 18
PEX26 Adrenoleukodystrophy, neonatal, Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 13 27
PEX3 Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 4 10
PEX5 Adrenoleukodystrophy, neonatal, Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, Zellweger syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder AR 8 14
PEX6 Heimler syndrome, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 4A, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 4B AR 58 107
PEX7 Refsum disease, Rhizomelic CDP type 1 AR 44 53
PFKM Glycogen storage disease AR 12 26
PGAM2 Glycogen storage disease AR 4 11
PGK1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency XL 16 26
PGM1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 11 35
PHKA1 Glycogen storage disease XL 9 8
PHKA2 Glycogen storage disease, type IXa1/Glycogen storage disease, type IXa2 (Phosphorylase kinase deficiency) XL 36 114
PHKB Glycogen storage disease AR 9 26
PHKG2 Glycogen storage disease AR 12 33
PHYH Refsum disease AR 12 36
PLIN1 Lipodystrophy, familial partial AD 3 6
PMM2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 76 128
PNP Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency AR 11 33
PNPLA2 Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy AR 13 35
POLG POLG-related ataxia neuropathy spectrum disorders, Sensory ataxia, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis, Alpers syndrome, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AD/AR 89 290
POLG2 Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions AD 5 14
POMGNT1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 96 88
POMGNT2 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 8 AR 6 9
POMK Congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies, type A, 12, Congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies, type C, 12, Muscle-eye brain disease, Walker-Warburg syndrome AR 6 8
POMT1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 47 96
POMT2 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy AR 45 73
PPARG Insulin resistance, Lipodystrophy, familial, partial AD/Digenic (Severe digenic insulin resistance can be due to digenic mutations in PPP1R3A and PPARG) 19 49
PPOX Porphyria variegata AD/AR 16 183
PPT1 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal AR 94 77
PRKAG2 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Glycogen storage disease of heart, lethal congenital AD 19 57
PRKAG3 Increased glyogen content in skeletal muscle AD 1 1
PRODH* Hyperprolinemia AR 52 10
PRPS1* Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase I superactivity, Arts syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, 5, Deafness, X-linked 1 XL 27 32
PSAP Krabbe disease, atypical, Metachromatic leukodystrophy due to saposin-b deficiency, Combined saposin deficiency, Gaucher disease, atypical, due to saposin C deficiency AD/AR 18 26
PTF1A Pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis, Pancreatic agenesis 2 AR 4 16
PTRF Lipodystrophy, congenital generalized AR 9 15
PTS Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient AR 34 112
PYGL Glycogen storage disease AR 21 44
PYGM Glycogen storage disease AR 77 168
QDPR Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient AR 14 66
RAI1 Smith-Magenis syndrome AD 37 112
RBCK1 Polyglucosan body myopathy AR 11 14
REN Hyperuricemic nephropathy, Hyperproreninemia, familial, Renal tubular dysgenesis AD/AR 9 18
RFT1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 11 13
RNASEH2A Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AR 13 21
RNASEH2B Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AR 16 41
RNASEH2C Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AR 6 14
RRM2B Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AD/AR 41 41
RYR1 Central core disease, Malignant hyperthermia, Minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia, Centronuclear myopathy, Minicore myopathy, Multicore myopathy AD/AR 241 666
SAMHD1 Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, Chilblain lupus 2 AD/AR 25 56
SARS2 Hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, and alkalosis AR 6 5
SCN4A Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, Myotonia, potassium-aggravated, Paramyotonia congenita, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, Normokalemic potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis AD/AR 57 126
SEC23B Anemia, dyserythropoietic congenital AR 18 121
SERAC1 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome AR 22 52
SERPINA1 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency AR 49 80
SGCA Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 60 100
SGCB Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 37 64
SGCD Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AR 21 27
SGCG Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 33 63
SGSH Mucopolysaccharidosis (Sanfilippo syndrome) AR 55 148
SI Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, congenital AR 12 23
SIL1 Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome AR 14 49
SLC12A3 Gitelman syndrome AR 49 489
SLC16A1 Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, Erythrocyte lactate transporter defect, Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency, Myoclonic-atonic epilepsy AD/AR 12 14
SLC17A5 Sialuria, Finnish (Salla disease), Infantile sialic acid storage disorder AR 52 54
SLC22A5 Carnitine deficiency, systemic primary AR 98 151
SLC25A1 Combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria AR 8 24
SLC25A13 Citrin deficiency AR 24 113
SLC25A15* Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinemia syndrome AR 24 36
SLC25A20 Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency AR 15 42
SLC25A26 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28 AR 4 4
SLC25A3 Micochondrial phosphate carrier deficiency AR 2 5
SLC25A4 Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AD/AR 12 14
SLC2A1 Stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis with neurologic defects, Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome AD/AR 106 275
SLC2A2 Glycogen storage disease, Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, Neonatal diabetes mellitus AR 24 73
SLC30A10 Hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis AR 15 22
SLC35A1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 4 5
SLC35A2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation XL 16 16
SLC35C1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency AR 6 7
SLC37A4 Glycogen storage disease AD/AR 49 113
SLC39A4 Acrodermatitis enteropathica AR 13 50
SLC3A1 Cystinuria AR 26 241
SLC40A1 Hemochromatosis AD 22 62
SLC46A1 Folate malabsorption AR 17 23
SLC5A1 Glucose/galactose malabsorption AR 3 58
SLC6A19 Hartnup disease AR 8 23
SLC6A8* Creatine deficiency syndrome XL 38 133
SLC6A9 Glycine encephalopathy with normal serum glycine AR 6 3
SLC7A7 Lysinuric protein intolerance AR 55 67
SLC7A9 Cystinuria AD/AR 24 159
SMPD1 Niemann-Pick disease AR 110 249
SPG7 Spastic paraplegia AD/AR 69 111
SRD5A3* Kahrizi syndrome, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Retinal dystrophy AR 13 16
SSR4 Congenital disorder of glycosylation XL 5 7
STAC3 Native American myopathy 3 4
STT3A Congenital disorder of glycosylation AD/AR 1 2
STT3B Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 1 4
SUCLA2 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AR 9 29
SUCLG1 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AR 12 28
SUGCT Glutaric aciduria III AR 6 7
SUMF1 Multiple sulfatase deficiency AR 21 53
SUOX Sulfocysteinuria AR 8 29
TALDO1 Transaldolase deficiency AR 6 10
TANGO2 Metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent, with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurodegeneration (MECRCN) AR 13 9
TAT Tyrosinemia, type II AR 19 36
TAZ 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria, (Barth syndrome) XL 45 158
TBC1D4 Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent AR 1 2
TCAP Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) AD/AR 12 28
TCF4 Corneal dystrophy, Fuchs endothelial, Pitt-Hopkins syndrome AD 105 146
TCN2 Transcobalamin II deficiency AR 9 35
TFR2 Hemochromatosis AR 23 50
TIMM8A* Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome, Jensen syndrome, Opticoacoustic nerve atrophy with dementia XL 11 21
TK2# Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AR 38 52
TMEM126A Optic atrophy AR 3 1
TMEM165 Congenital disorder of glycosylation AR 4 6
TMEM70 Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency AR 12 18
TNPO3 Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AD 3 5
TPMT* Thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency AR 16
TPP1 Spinocerebellar ataxia, Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 AR 75 112
TREX1 Vasculopathy, retinal, with cerebral leukodystrophy, Chilblain lupus, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome AD/AR 30 71
TRIM32 Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle AR 13 16
TRIM37 Mulibrey nanism AR 19 23
TRPM6 Hypomagnesemia, intestinal AR 15 61
TUSC3 Intellectual developmental disorder AR 6 16
TYMP Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome AR 84 94
UCP2 Hyperinsulinism AD/AR 7
UMOD Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy, Glomerulocystic kidney disease with hyperuricemia and isosthenuria, Medullary cystic kidney disease 2 AD 33 108
UMPS Orotic aciduria AR 3 12
UPB1 Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency AR 5 17
UROD Porphyria cutanea tarda, Porphyria, hepatoerythropoietic AD/AR 15 122
UROS Porphyria, congenital erythropoietic AR 22 49
WFS1 Wolfram syndrome, Wolfram-like syndrome, autosomal dominant, Deafness, autosomal dominant 6/14/38, Cataract 41 AD/AR 69 362
XDH Xanthinuria, type I AR 10 21
ZMPSTE24 Restrictive dermopathy, lethal, Mandibuloacral dysplasia with B lipodystrophy AD/AR 13 33
#

The gene has suboptimal coverage (means <90% of the gene’s target nucleotides are covered at >20x with mapping quality score (MQ>20) reads), and/or the gene has exons listed under Test limitations section that are not included in the panel as they are not sufficiently covered with high quality sequence reads.

*

Some, or all, of the gene is duplicated in the genome. Read more.

The sensitivity to detect variants may be limited in genes marked with an asterisk (*) or number sign (#). Due to possible limitations these genes may not be available as single gene tests.

Gene refers to the HGNC approved gene symbol; Inheritance refers to inheritance patterns such as autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), mitochondrial (mi), X-linked (XL), X-linked dominant (XLD) and X-linked recessive (XLR); ClinVar refers to the number of variants in the gene classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in this database (ClinVar); HGMD refers to the number of variants with possible disease association in the gene listed in Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). The list of associated, gene specific phenotypes are generated from CGD or Mitomap databases.

Non-coding variants covered by Comprehensive Metabolism Panel

To view complete table content, scroll horizontally.

Gene Genomic location HG19 HGVS RefSeq RS-number
ABCC8 Chr11:17415959 c.4412-13G>A NM_000352.3 rs1008906426
ABCC8 Chr11:17427028 c.3399+13G>A NM_000352.3 rs182340196
ABCC8 Chr11:17449501 c.2041-12C>A NM_000352.3
ABCC8 Chr11:17449510 c.2041-21G>A NM_000352.3 rs746714109
ABCC8 Chr11:17449514 c.2041-25G>A NM_000352.3
ABCC8 Chr11:17452526 c.1672-20A>G NM_000352.3
ABCC8 Chr11:17465872 c.1333-1013A>G NM_000352.3
ABCC8 Chr11:17470268 c.1177-53_1177-51delGTG NM_000352.3 rs1271038564
ABCC8 Chr11:17498513 c.-190C>G NM_000352.3
ACADM Chr1:76200457 c.388-19T>A NM_000016.4
ACADM Chr1:76211473 c.600-18G>A NM_000016.4 rs370523609
ACADVL Chr17:7123160 c.-144_-132delCCCAGCATGCCCCinsT NM_000018.3
ACADVL Chr17:7125469 c.822-27C>T NM_001270447.1 rs374911841
ACADVL Chr17:7125485 c.822-11T>G NM_001270447.1
ACADVL Chr17:7126199 c.1146+15C>T NM_001270447.1 rs202237278
ACADVL Chr17:7126948 c.1252-15A>G NM_001270447.1 rs765390290
ACADVL Chr17:7127894 c.1747+23C>T NM_001270447.1 rs147546456
ACAT1 Chr11:108004534 c.121-13T>A NM_000019.3
ADA Chr20:43248503 c.1079-15T>A NM_000022.2 rs387906268
ADA Chr20:43249076 c.976-34G>A NM_000022.2
ADCK3 Chr1:227174508 c.*72dupG NM_020247.4
ADSL Chr22:40742514 c.-49T>C NM_000026.2
AGL Chr1:100381954 c.4260-12A>G NM_000028.2 rs369973784
ALAD Chr9:116153914 c.165-11C>T NM_000031.5 rs749066913
ALAD Chr9:116153914 c.165-11C>A NM_000031.5
ALAS2 ChrX:55054634 c.-15-2186C>G NM_000032.4
ALAS2 ChrX:55054635 c.-15-2187T>C NM_000032.4
ALAS2 ChrX:55054636 c.-15-2188A>G NM_000032.4
ALAS2 ChrX:55057393 c.-34C>T NM_000032.4 rs780642606
ALAS2 ChrX:55057617 c.-258C>G NM_000032.4 rs140772352
ALDOB Chr9:104183575 c.*516T>A NM_000035.3
ALDOB Chr9:104197990 c.-11+1G>C NM_000035.3 rs181639417
ALDOB Chr9:104198194 NM_000035.3 rs185972191
ALG6 Chr1:63871975 c.347-13C>G NM_013339.3
AMN Chr14:103395424 c.514-34G>A NM_030943.3 rs144077391
AMN Chr14:103396444 c.1007-31_1006+34delCCTCGCCCCGCCGCG NM_030943.3 rs386834161
AMN Chr14:103396458 c.1007-29_1006+36delTCGCCCCGCCGCGGG NM_030943.3 rs386834162
AMT Chr3:49459938 c.-55C>T NM_000481.3 rs386833677
ARG1 Chr6:131901748 c.306-611T>C NM_000045.3
ARSA Chr22:51064121 c.1108-12C>G NM_000487.5 rs757806374
ARSA Chr22:51064129 c.1108-20A>G NM_000487.5
ASS1 Chr9:133327601 c.-5-10C>G NM_000050.4 rs375136377
ASS1 Chr9:133332669 c.175-1119G>A NM_000050.4
ASS1 Chr9:133355236 c.773+49C>T NM_000050.4 rs763389916
ATP7B Chr13:52518439 c.3061-12T>A NM_000053.3
ATP7B Chr13:52585551 c.-78A>C NM_000053.3
ATP7B Chr13:52585596 c.-123C>A NM_000053.3
ATP7B Chr13:52585596 c.-128_-124delAGCCG NM_000053.3
ATP7B Chr13:52585606 c.-133A>C NM_000053.3
ATP7B Chr13:52585683 c.-210A>T NM_000053.3
ATP7B Chr13:52585894 NM_000053.3 rs1484840087
ATP7B Chr13:52585897 NM_000053.3
ATP7B Chr13:52585915 c.-442G>A NM_000053.3
BCKDHA Chr19:41930736 c.*223T>A NM_000709.3 rs373164531
BCS1L Chr2:219524871 c.-147A>G NM_004328.4
BCS1L Chr2:219525123 c.-50+155T>A NM_004328.4 rs386833855
BSCL2 Chr11:62470032 c.405-11A>G NM_001122955.3
BTD Chr3:15683399 c.310-15delT NM_000060.2 rs587783008
BTD Chr3:15687154 c.*159G>A NM_000060.2 rs530872564
CAPN3 Chr15:42678352 c.380-13T>A NM_000070.2
CAPN3 Chr15:42695919 c.1746-20C>T NM_000070.2
CAPN3 Chr15:42697047 c.-188G>C NM_173089.1
CAPN3 Chr15:42702715 c.2184+21G>A NM_000070.2 rs763572829
CAPN3 Chr15:42702770 c.2185-16A>G NM_000070.2
CASR Chr3:121994640 c.1378-19A>C NM_001178065.1
CAV1 Chr7:116165023 c.-88delC NM_001753.4
CBS Chr21:44496326 c.-86_-85+8delAGGTAGAAGA NM_001178008.1
CLCN1 Chr7:143013247 c.-59C>A NM_000083.2
CLCN1 Chr7:143029494 c.1167-15_1167-14delCT NM_000083.2 rs1214185689
CLDN16 Chr3:190127678 c.785-14T>G NM_006580.3
CLN3 Chr16:28493392 c.1056+34C>A NM_000086.2
CLN3 Chr16:28497984 c.461-13G>C NM_000086.2 rs386833721
CLN6 Chr15:68506515 c.297+113G>C NM_017882.2
COG5 Chr7:106898843 c.1669-15A>G NM_006348.3
COG6 Chr13:40273614 c.1167-24A>G NM_020751.2 rs730882236
COL2A1 Chr12:48379984 c.1527+135G>A NM_001844.4
CPOX Chr3:98300369 c.1173-14T>G NM_000097.5
CPOX Chr3:98310014 c.557-15C>G NM_000097.5
CPS1 Chr2:211539387 c.4102-239A>G NM_001875.4
CTNS Chr17:3539712 c.-643_-642insT NM_004937.2
CTNS Chr17:3543481 c.-19-1G>A NM_001031681.2
CTNS Chr17:3552117 c.141-24T>C NM_001031681.2
CTNS Chr17:3563518 c.971-12G>A NM_001031681.2 rs375952052
CTSC Chr11:88070895 c.-55C>A NM_001814.4 rs766114323
CTSK Chr1:150778521 c.244-29A>G NM_000396.3
CUBN Chr10:17088532 c.3330-439C>G NM_001081.3 rs386833782
D2HGDH Chr2:242680425 c.293-23A>G NM_152783.3
DBT Chr1:100672742 c.1018-550A>G NM_001918.3 rs796052135
DGUOK Chr2:74177650 c.444-62C>A NM_080916.2
DGUOK Chr2:74177701 c.444-11C>G NM_080916.2 rs536746349
DHDDS Chr1:26774026 c.441-24A>G NM_024887.3 rs764831063
DMD ChrX:31165653 c.10554-18C>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31200680 c.9974+175T>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31224814 c.9564-30A>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31225211 c.9564-427T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31226400 c.9563+1215A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31229031 c.9362-1215A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31241047 c.9361+117A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279293 c.9225-160A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279418 c.9225-285A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279420 c.9225-287C>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31279780 c.9225-647A>G NM_004006.2 rs398124091
DMD ChrX:31279781 c.9225-648A>G NM_004006.2 rs398124084
DMD ChrX:31332523 c.9224+9192C>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31382270 c.9085-15519G>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31613687 c.8217+32103G>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31627738 c.8217+18052A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31697714 c.7661-11T>C NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31897527 c.6913-4037T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:31983146 c.6614+3310G>T NM_004006.2 rs797045526
DMD ChrX:32274692 c.6290+30954C>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32305833 c.6118-15A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32360414 c.5740-15G>T NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32366860 c.5326-215T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32379144 c.5325+1743_5325+1760delTATTAAAAAATGGGTAGA NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32398808 c.4675-11A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32460274 c.3787-843C>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32470726 c.3603+2053G>C NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32479316 c.3432+2240A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32479520 c.3432+2036A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32669100 c.961-5831C>T NM_004006.2 rs398124099
DMD ChrX:32669194 c.961-5925A>C NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32716130 c.832-15A>G NM_004006.2 rs72470513
DMD ChrX:32756908 c.650-39498A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32827744 c.531-16T>A/G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32827744 c.531-16T>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32827744 c.531-16T>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:32841967 c.265-463A>G NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:33032666 c.93+5590T>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:33192452 c.31+36947G>A NM_004006.2
DMD ChrX:33229483 c.-54T>A NM_004006.2
DYSF Chr2:71817308 c.3443-33A>G NM_003494.3 rs786205083
DYSF Chr2:71840553 c.4410+13T>G NM_003494.3
DYSF Chr2:71889030 c.4886+1249G>T NM_003494.3
DYSF Chr2:71900503 c.5668-824C>T NM_003494.3
DYSF Chr2:71913729 c.*107T>A NM_003494.3 rs11903223
EMD ChrX:153608559 c.266-27_266-10delTCTGCTACCGCTGCCCCC NM_000117.2
ETFDH Chr4:159593534 c.-75A>G NM_004453.2
ETFDH Chr4:159602711 c.176-636C>G NM_004453.2
FECH Chr18:55238820 c.315-48T>C NM_000140.3 rs2272783
FECH Chr18:55238839 c.333-67G>A NM_001012515.2
FECH Chr18:55254103 c.-251G>C NM_000140.3
FKRP Chr19:47249328 c.-272G>A NM_024301.4
FKTN Chr9:108368857 c.648-1243G>T NM_006731.2
FLNA ChrX:153581587 c.6023-27_6023-16delTGACTGACAGCC NM_001110556.1
G6PC Chr17:41059684 c.446+39G>A NM_000151.3
G6PC Chr17:41059687 c.446+42G>A NM_000151.3
GAA Chr17:78078341 c.-32-13T>G NM_000152.3 rs386834236
GAA Chr17:78078341 c.-32-13T>A NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078351 c.-32-3C>A/G NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078352 c.-32-2A>G NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078353 c.-32-1G>C NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78078369 c.-17C>T NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78082266 c.1076-22T>G NM_000152.3 rs762260678
GAA Chr17:78090422 c.2190-345A>G NM_000152.3
GAA Chr17:78092432 c.2647-20T>G NM_000152.3
GALC Chr14:88401064 c.*12G>A NM_000153.3 rs372641636
GALC Chr14:88459574 c.-66G>C NM_000153.3 rs146439771
GALC Chr14:88459575 c.-67T>G NM_000153.3 rs571945132
GALC Chr14:88459917 c.-74T>A NM_001201402.1
GALC Chr14:88459971 c.-128C>T NM_001201402.1 rs181956126
GALK1 Chr17:73761239 c.-22T>C NM_000154.1 rs545362817
GALNS Chr16:88898676 c.899-167A>G NM_000512.4
GALNS Chr16:88908390 c.245-11C>G NM_000512.4
GALT Chr9:34646606 c.-96T>G NM_000155.3
GALT Chr9:34647075 c.83-11T>G NM_000155.3
GALT Chr9:34648082 c.508-29delT NM_000155.3 rs111033711
GALT Chr9:34648519 c.687+66T>A NM_000155.3
GALT Chr9:34648904 c.820+13A>G NM_000155.3 rs111033768
GALT Chr9:34649617 c.1059+56C>T NM_000155.3 rs111033821
GAMT Chr19:1399508 c.391+15G>T NM_138924.2 rs367567416
GBA Chr1:155205646 c.1225-14_1225-11delTGTCinsAGT NM_000157.3
GBA Chr1:155208109 c.589-12C>G NM_000157.3
GBA Chr1:155211053 c.-150A>G NM_000157.3 rs1232943445
GBE1 Chr3:81542964 c.2053-3358_2053-3350delGTGTGGTGGinsTGTTTTTTACATGACAGGT NM_000158.3 rs869320698
GCDH Chr19:13010271 c.1244-11A>G NM_000159.3
GCH1 Chr14:55369403 c.-22C>T NM_000161.2
GCK Chr7:44186044 c.1022+18G>A NM_033507.1 rs150914617
GCK Chr7:44193073 c.49-15_49-11delCCCCTinsGGGAGGG NM_033507.1
GCK Chr7:44229009 c.-457C>T NM_000162.3 rs548039601
GCK Chr7:44229109 c.-557G>C NM_000162.3
GLA ChrX:100653945 c.640-11T>A NM_000169.2
GLA ChrX:100654735 c.640-801G>A NM_000169.2 rs199473684
GLA ChrX:100654793 c.640-859C>T NM_000169.2 rs869312374
GLA ChrX:100656225 c.547+395G>C NM_000169.2
GMPPB Chr3:49761246 c.-87C>T NM_013334.3 rs780961444
GNPTAB Chr12:102159106 c.1613-25delA NM_024312.4 rs777271928
GNPTG Chr16:1412562 c.610-16_609+28del NM_032520.4 rs193302853
GYG1 Chr3:148717967 c.481+3276C>G NM_004130.3
HADH Chr4:108945190 c.636+471G>T NM_001184705.2 rs786200932
HADH Chr4:108948955 c.709+39C>G NM_001184705.2
HADHB Chr2:26500642 c.442+614A>G NM_000183.2
HADHB Chr2:26500691 c.442+663A>G NM_000183.2
HAMP Chr19:35773328 c.-153C>T NM_021175.2 rs142126068
HAMP Chr19:35773453 c.-28G>T NM_021175.2
HAMP Chr19:35773456 c.-25G>A NM_021175.2
HCFC1 ChrX:153237261 c.-970T>C NM_005334.2 rs398122908
HEXA Chr15:72640009 c.1146+18A>G NM_000520.4
HEXB Chr5:74014605 c.1243-17A>G NM_000521.3
HEXB Chr5:74016442 c.1509-26G>A NM_000521.3 rs201580118
HEXB Chr5:74016585 c.1613+15_1613+18dupAAGT NM_000521.3 rs779273534
HEXB Chr5:74016926 c.1614-16_1615dupTTCATGTTATCTACAGAC NM_000521.3 rs756912360
HEXB Chr5:74016929 c.1614-14C>A NM_000521.3 rs201448394
HFE Chr6:26087649 c.-20G>A NM_000410.3 rs138378000
HFE2 Chr1:145414683 c.-89-4dupT NM_213653.3
HGD Chr3:120363307 c.650-17G>A NM_000187.3 rs1309894047
HGD Chr3:120363346 c.650-56G>A NM_000187.3 rs1377948705
HGSNAT Chr8:43028824 c.821-28_821-10delTTGCTTATGCTTTGTACTT NM_152419.2
HMBS Chr11:118955302 NM_000190.3 rs782669452
HMBS Chr11:118955413 c.-331C>T NM_000190.3
HMBS Chr11:118955474 c.-270G>A NM_000190.3
HMBS Chr11:118955588 c.-154delG NM_000190.3
HMBS Chr11:118955622 c.-122T>A NM_000190.3
HMBS Chr11:118956445 c.33+669A>G NM_000190.3
HMBS Chr11:118958944 c.34-21A>G NM_000190.3
HMBS Chr11:118959325 c.88-20A>C NM_000190.3
HNF1A Chr12:121416034 c.-538G>C NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416110 c.-462G>A NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416281 c.-291T>C NM_000545.5 rs534474388
HNF1A Chr12:121416285 c.-287G>A NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416285 NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416289 c.-283A>C NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416314 c.-258A>G NM_000545.5 rs756136537
HNF1A Chr12:121416354 c.-218T>C NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416385 c.-187C>A/T NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416385 NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416385 NM_000545.5 rs970766228
HNF1A Chr12:121416391 NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416437 NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416446 NM_000545.5 rs780586155
HNF1A Chr12:121416453 c.-119G>A NM_000545.5 rs371945966
HNF1A Chr12:121416475 c.-97T>G NM_000545.5
HNF1A Chr12:121416508 NM_000545.5
HNF4A Chr20:42984253 c.-192C>G NM_175914.4
HNF4A Chr20:42984264 c.-181G>A NM_175914.4
HNF4A Chr20:42984271 c.-174T>C NM_175914.4
HNF4A Chr20:42984276 c.-169C>T NM_175914.4
HNF4A Chr20:42984299 c.-146T>C NM_175914.4
HNF4A Chr20:42984309 c.-136A>G NM_175914.4
HNF4A Chr20:43036000 c.291-21A>G NM_000457.4
HPRT1 ChrX:133594415 c.27+47C>T NM_000194.2
HPRT1 ChrX:133625464 c.402+1229A>G NM_000194.2
HPRT1 ChrX:133628822 c.485+1202T>A NM_000194.2
HPRT1 ChrX:133632625 c.533-13T>G NM_000194.2
HSD17B4 Chr5:118837725 c.1285-11C>G NM_001199291.1 rs779466683
IDS ChrX:148564764 c.1181-15C>A NM_000202.5
IDS ChrX:148568762 c.*57A>G NM_006123.4
IDS ChrX:148578704 c.709-657G>A NM_000202.5
ISCU Chr12:108961426 c.418+382G>C NM_213595.2 rs767000507
KCNJ10 Chr1:160039811 c.-1+1G>T NM_002241.4 rs796052606
KCNJ11 Chr11:17409692 c.-54C>T NM_000525.3
KCNJ11 Chr11:17409772 c.-134G>T NM_000525.3 rs387906398
L2HGDH Chr14:50735527 c.906+354G>A NM_024884.2
LAMA2 Chr6:129633984 c.3175-22G>A NM_000426.3 rs777129293
LAMA2 Chr6:129636608 c.3556-13T>A NM_000426.3 rs775278003
LAMA2 Chr6:129714172 c.5235-18G>A NM_000426.3 rs188365084
LAMA2 Chr6:129835506 c.8989-12C>G NM_000426.3 rs144860334
LMNA Chr1:156100609 c.513+45T>G NM_170707.3
LMNA Chr1:156105681 c.937-11C>G NM_170707.3 rs267607645
LMNA Chr1:156107037 c.1608+14G>A NM_170707.3
LMNA Chr1:156107433 c.1609-12T>G NM_170707.3 rs267607582
MCCC2 Chr5:70898313 c.384-20A>G NM_022132.4 rs770917710
MCCC2 Chr5:70939634 c.1073-12C>G NM_022132.4 rs1280511914
MCEE Chr2:71337896 c.379-644A>G NM_032601.3
MLYCD Chr16:83948547 c.949-14A>G NM_012213.2 rs761146008
MOCS1 Chr6:39874534 c.*365_*366delAG NM_005943.5 rs397518419
MOCS1 Chr6:39876810 c.*7+6T>C NM_005943.5
MOCS1 Chr6:39894006 c.251-418delT NM_005943.5
MTHFR Chr1:11850973 c.1753-18G>A NM_005957.4 rs777661576
MTHFR Chr1:11863212 c.-13-28_-13-27delCT NM_005957.4 rs786204005
MTR Chr1:236971838 c.340-166A>G NM_000254.2
MTR Chr1:236977232 c.609+1088G>A NM_000254.2 rs752526782
MTR Chr1:237057461 c.3205-196A>G NM_000254.2 rs544410324
MTRR Chr5:7883859 c.984+469T>C NM_024010.2
MUT Chr6:49427219 c.-39-1G>A NM_000255.3
NAGS Chr17:42078968 c.-3063C>A NM_153006.2
NBAS Chr2:15567431 c.2423+404G>C NM_015909.3
NPC1 Chr18:21132700 c.1554-1009G>A NM_000271.4
NPC1 Chr18:21137182 c.882-28A>G/T NM_000271.4
NPC1 Chr18:21137182 c.882-28A>G NM_000271.4
NPC1 Chr18:21137182 c.882-28A>T NM_000271.4
OPA1 Chr3:193334932 c.449-34dupA NM_130837.2
OPA1 Chr3:193374829 c.2179-40G>C NM_130837.2
OTC ChrX:38202566 c.-9384G>T NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38211584 NM_000531.5 rs191615506
OTC ChrX:38211793 c.-157T>G NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38211808 c.-142G>A NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38211811 c.-139A>G NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38211834 c.-116C>T NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38211835 c.-115C>T NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38211844 c.-106C>A NM_000531.5 rs749748052
OTC ChrX:38260946 c.540+265G>A NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38269404 c.867+1126A>G NM_000531.5
OTC ChrX:38272343 c.1005+1091C>G NM_000531.5
PAH Chr12:103232809 c.*144A>G NM_000277.1 rs375319584
PAH Chr12:103237404 c.1199+20G>C NM_000277.1 rs62509018
PAH Chr12:103237407 c.1199+17G>A NM_000277.1 rs62508613
PAH Chr12:103237568 c.1066-11G>A NM_000277.1 rs5030855
PAH Chr12:103237568 c.1066-12delT NM_000277.1
PAH Chr12:103237570 c.1066-13T>G NM_000277.1
PAH Chr12:103237571 c.1066-14C>G NM_000277.1 rs62507334
PAH Chr12:103238075 c.1065+39G>T NM_000277.1 rs62510582
PAH Chr12:103260355 c.509+15_509+18delCTTG NM_000277.1 rs1335303703
PAH Chr12:103288709 c.169-13T>G NM_000277.1 rs62507341
PC Chr11:66620883 c.1369-29A>G NM_000920.3
PCCA Chr13:100958030 c.1285-1416A>G NM_000282.3
PCCB Chr3:136003251 c.714+462A>G NM_001178014.1
PDHA1 ChrX:19371182 c.533-17_533-14delTGTT NM_001173454.1
PDHA1 ChrX:19372579 c.625-30G>A NM_001173454.1
PDHA1 ChrX:19373648 c.873+26G>A NM_001173454.1
PDHA1 ChrX:19377849 c.*79_*90dupAGTCAATGAAAT NM_001173454.1 rs606231192
PDHA1 ChrX:19377861 c.*79_*90dupAGTCAATGAAAT NM_001173454.1
PDHX Chr11:34988372 c.816+11C>G NM_003477.2
PEX6 Chr6:42933858 c.2301-15C>G NM_000287.3 rs267608236
PEX6 Chr6:42933952 c.2300+28G>A NM_000287.3 rs267608237
PEX7 Chr6:137143759 c.-45C>T NM_000288.3 rs267608252
PFKM Chr12:48535459 c.1626-64A>G NM_001166686.1
PGK1 ChrX:77381262 c.1214-25T>G NM_000291.3
PGM1 Chr1:64113966 c.1199-222G>T NM_001172818.1
PHKG2 Chr16:30762416 c.96-11G>A NM_000294.2 rs751600886
PMM2 Chr16:8891573 NM_000303.2
PMM2 Chr16:8898599 c.179-25A>G NM_000303.2 rs760689221
PMM2 Chr16:8926102 c.640-15479C>T NM_000303.2 rs1258107584
PMM2 Chr16:8941558 c.640-23A>G NM_000303.2
PNP Chr14:20942914 c.286-18G>A NM_000270.3
POMT1 Chr9:134379574 c.-30-2A>G NM_007171.3
POMT2 Chr14:77751989 c.1333-14G>A NM_013382.5
PPARG Chr3:12421189 c.83-14A>G NM_015869.4 rs371713160
PPOX Chr1:161135755 c.-655G>C NM_000309.3
PPOX Chr1:161136225 c.-185G>T NM_000309.3 rs114493458
PPOX Chr1:161136462 c.-9G>A NM_001122764.1 rs999497211
PPOX Chr1:161138197 c.472-24_472-16delCTTAGTCCT NM_000309.3
PPOX Chr1:161140686 c.1249-11T>G NM_000309.3 rs780277900
PPT1 Chr1:40539203 c.*526_*529delATCA NM_000310.3 rs386833624
PPT1 Chr1:40558194 c.125-15T>G NM_000310.3 rs386833629
PSAP Chr10:73583679 c.778-26C>A NM_001042465.1
PTF1A Chr10:23508305 c.*25470A>G NM_178161.2
PTF1A Chr10:23508363 c.*25528A>G NM_178161.2
PTF1A Chr10:23508365 c.*25530A>G NM_178161.2
PTF1A Chr10:23508437 c.*25602A>G NM_178161.2
PTF1A Chr10:23508442 c.*25607A>G NM_178161.2
PTF1A Chr10:23508446 c.*25611A>C NM_178161.2
PTS Chr11:112098994 c.84-323A>T NM_000317.2 rs794726657
PTS Chr11:112099026 c.84-291A>G NM_000317.2
PTS Chr11:112100215 c.164-716A>T NM_000317.2
PTS Chr11:112101310 c.187-38dupG NM_000317.2
PYGM Chr11:64523631 c.661-601G>A NM_005609.2
PYGM Chr11:64525847 c.425-26A>G NM_005609.2 rs764313717
QDPR Chr4:17500790 c.436+2552A>G NM_000320.2
REN Chr1:204129817 c.374-12_374-11delTCinsAG NM_000537.3
RNASEH2B Chr13:51501530 c.65-13G>A NM_024570.3
RNASEH2B Chr13:51519550 c.511-13G>A NM_024570.3
RYR1 Chr19:38997317 c.8692+131G>A NM_000540.2
RYR1 Chr19:39074134 c.14647-1449A>G NM_000540.2 rs193922886
SEC23B Chr20:18488060 c.-571A>G NM_006363.4 rs559854357
SEC23B Chr20:18488615 c.-16A>G NM_006363.4
SEC23B Chr20:18491731 c.221+31A>G NM_006363.4
SEC23B Chr20:18491863 c.221+163A>G NM_006363.4 rs573898514
SEC23B Chr20:18492791 c.222-78C>T NM_006363.4 rs150393520
SEC23B Chr20:18526845 c.1743+168A>G NM_006363.4 rs111951711
SERAC1 Chr6:158576548 c.92-165C>T NM_032861.3
SERAC1 Chr6:158576622 c.92-239G>C NM_032861.3
SERPINA1 Chr14:94854894 c.-5+2dupT NM_000295.4
SERPINA1 Chr14:94854896 c.-5+1G>A NM_000295.4 rs775786225
SGCA Chr17:48246419 c.585-31_585-23delTCTGCTGAC NM_000023.2
SGCA Chr17:48246421 c.585-31_585-24delTCTGCTGA NM_000023.2
SGCA Chr17:48247492 c.748-12_748-11delCTinsAA NM_000023.2
SGCG Chr13:23755086 c.-127_-121delACAGTTG NM_000231.2 rs1422849467
SGCG Chr13:23755215 c.-1+1G>T NM_000231.2
SGSH Chr17:78190802 c.249+27_249+28delGG NM_000199.3
SIL1 Chr5:138283180 c.1030-18G>A NM_022464.4 rs769052639
SLC12A3 Chr16:56903992 c.602-16G>A NM_000339.2 rs750901478
SLC12A3 Chr16:56914462 c.1567+297T>G NM_000339.2
SLC12A3 Chr16:56917770 c.1670-191C>T NM_000339.2 rs374182921
SLC12A3 Chr16:56927219 c.2548+253C>T NM_000339.2
SLC16A1 Chr1:113498814 c.-202G>A NM_003051.3 rs387906403
SLC16A1 Chr1:113499002 c.-391_-390insACGCCGGTCACGTGGCGGGGTGGGG NM_003051.3 rs606231172
SLC22A5 Chr5:131714054 c.394-16T>A NM_003060.3 rs775097754
SLC22A5 Chr5:131722665 c.825-52G>A NM_003060.3
SLC2A1 Chr1:43395462 c.680-11G>A NM_006516.2
SLC2A1 Chr1:43424429 c.-107G>A NM_006516.2
SLC2A2 Chr3:170745041 c.-582A>C NM_000340.1
SLC39A4 Chr8:145641963 c.192+19G>A NM_130849.3 rs368996660
SLC3A1 Chr2:44528119 c.1012-23C>G NM_000341.3
SLC40A1 Chr2:190445224 c.-53_-39delGAGCAGCAGCAGCGA NM_014585.5 rs770737502
SLC40A1 Chr2:190445391 c.-205A>C NM_014585.5
SLC7A9 Chr19:33334874 c.978-17G>A NM_014270.4 rs45628833
SMPD1 Chr11:6415102 c.1341-21_1341-18delAATG NM_000543.4 rs1312743513
STT3B Chr3:31663820 c.1539+20G>T NM_178862.1
TAZ ChrX:153641699 n.694+4G>A NR_024048.1
TAZ ChrX:153649161 c.778-63_778-51delCTCCCAGGGCACC NM_000116.3 rs782249471
TCN2 Chr22:31011112 c.581-176A>G NM_000355.3 rs372866837
TCN2 Chr22:31011112 c.581-176A>T NM_000355.3
TIMM8A ChrX:100601671 c.133-23A>C NM_004085.3 rs869320666
TMEM165 Chr4:56284334 c.792+182G>A NM_018475.4 rs793888506
TPP1 Chr11:6637752 c.887-18A>G NM_000391.3
TRIM37 Chr17:57106096 c.1949-12A>G NM_015294.3
UROD Chr1:45481229 c.*62_*63delAA NM_000374.4
UROS Chr10:127477605 c.661-31T>G NM_000375.2 rs750180293
UROS Chr10:127505271 c.-26-177T>C NM_000375.2 rs397515348
UROS Chr10:127505271 c.-26-177T>A NM_000375.2
UROS Chr10:127505277 c.-26-183G>A NM_000375.2 rs397515349
UROS Chr10:127505287 c.-26-193C>A NM_000375.2 rs397515350
UROS Chr10:127505287 c.-26-193C>G NM_000375.2
UROS Chr10:127505291 c.-26-197C>A NM_000375.2 rs397515351
UROS Chr10:127511774 c.-203T>C NM_000375.2 rs869320670
WFS1 Chr4:6271704 c.-43G>T NM_006005.3

Test Strengths

All exons of the *GBA* gene have segmentally duplicated pseudogenes that reduce sensitivity of NGS diagnostics in general. However, Blueprint Genetics custom assay has good coverage (>20x) with high mapping rates (mapping quality >40) for 100.0% of the target regions in *GBA* gene. Our validation showed high mean coverage of 184X for the *GBA* gene. Thus, our NGS Panel is not expected to have major limitations in detecting variants in *GBA* gene although clinical validation has not been performed at large scale for Gaucher disease.

The strengths of this test include:

  • CAP accredited laboratory
  • CLIA-certified personnel performing clinical testing in a CLIA-certified laboratory
  • Powerful sequencing technologies, advanced target enrichment methods and precision bioinformatics pipelines ensure superior analytical performance
  • Careful construction of clinically effective and scientifically justified gene panels
  • Some of the panels include the whole mitochondrial genome (please see the Panel Content section)
  • Our Nucleus online portal providing transparent and easy access to quality and performance data at the patient level
  • ~2,000 non-coding disease causing variants in our clinical grade NGS assay for panels (please see ‘Non-coding disease causing variants covered by this panel’ in the Panel Content section)
  • Our rigorous variant classification scheme
  • Our systematic clinical interpretation workflow using proprietary software enabling accurate and traceable processing of NGS data
  • Our comprehensive clinical statements

Test Limitations

The following exons are not included in the panel as they are not sufficiently covered with high quality sequence reads: *ADAMTSL2* (NM_014694:11-19), *ALG8* (NM_001007027:13), *B3GALNT2* (NM_001277155:2), *PCCB* (NM_001178014:4), *PDSS1* (NM_014317:2), *TK2* (NM_001271934:3). Genes with suboptimal coverage in our assay are marked with number sign (#) and genes with partial, or whole gene, segmental duplications in the human genome are marked with an asterisk (*) if they overlap with the UCSC pseudogene regions. Gene is considered to have suboptimal coverage when >90% of the gene’s target nucleotides are not covered at >20x with mapping quality score (MQ>20) reads. The technology may have limited sensitivity to detect variants in genes marked with these symbols (please see the Panel content table above).

This test does not detect the following:

  • Complex inversions
  • Gene conversions
  • Balanced translocations
  • Some of the panels include the whole mitochondrial genome but not all (please see the Panel Content section)
  • Repeat expansion disorders unless specifically mentioned
  • Non-coding variants deeper than ±20 base pairs from exon-intron boundary unless otherwise indicated (please see above Panel Content / non-coding variants covered by the panel).

This test may not reliably detect the following:

  • Low level mosaicism in nuclear genes (variant with a minor allele fraction of 14.6% is detected with 90% probability)
  • Stretches of mononucleotide repeats
  • Low level heteroplasmy in mtDNA (>90% are detected at 5% level)
  • Indels larger than 50bp
  • Single exon deletions or duplications
  • Variants within pseudogene regions/duplicated segments
  • Some disease causing variants present in mtDNA are not detectable from blood, thus post-mitotic tissue such as skeletal muscle may be required for establishing molecular diagnosis.

The sensitivity of this test may be reduced if DNA is extracted by a laboratory other than Blueprint Genetics.

For additional information, please refer to the Test performance section.

The genes on the panel have been carefully selected based on scientific literature, mutation databases and our experience.

Our panels are sectioned from our high-quality, clinical grade NGS assay. Please see our sequencing and detection performance table for details regarding our ability to detect different types of alterations (Table).

Assays have been validated for various sample types including EDTA-blood, isolated DNA (excluding from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue), saliva and dry blood spots (filter cards). These sample types were selected in order to maximize the likelihood for high-quality DNA yield. The diagnostic yield varies depending on the assay used, referring healthcare professional, hospital and country. Plus analysis increases the likelihood of finding a genetic diagnosis for your patient, as large deletions and duplications cannot be detected using sequence analysis alone. Blueprint Genetics’ Plus Analysis is a combination of both sequencing and deletion/duplication (copy number variant (CNV)) analysis.

The performance metrics listed below are from an initial validation performed at our main laboratory in Finland. The performance metrics of our laboratory in Marlborough, MA, are equivalent.

Performance of Blueprint Genetics high-quality, clinical grade NGS sequencing assay for panels.

Sensitivity % (TP/(TP+FN) Specificity %
Single nucleotide variants 99.89% (99,153/99,266) >99.9999%
Insertions, deletions and indels by sequence analysis
1-10 bps 99.2% (7,745/7,806) >99.9999%
11-50 bps 99.13% (2,524/2,546) >99.9999%
Copy number variants (exon level dels/dups)
1 exon level deletion (heterozygous) 100% (20/20) NA
1 exon level deletion (homozygous) 100% (5/5) NA
1 exon level deletion (het or homo) 100% (25/25) NA
2-7 exon level deletion (het or homo) 100% (44/44) NA
1-9 exon level duplication (het or homo) 75% (6/8) NA
Simulated CNV detection
5 exons level deletion/duplication 98.7% 100.00%
Microdeletion/-duplication sdrs (large CNVs, n=37))
Size range (0.1-47 Mb) 100% (25/25)
     
The performance presented above reached by Blueprint Genetics high-quality, clinical grade NGS sequencing assay with the following coverage metrics
     
Mean sequencing depth 143X
Nucleotides with >20x sequencing coverage (%) 99.86%

Performance of Blueprint Genetics Mitochondrial Sequencing Assay.

Sensitivity % Specificity %
ANALYTIC VALIDATION (NA samples; n=4)
Single nucleotide variants
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 100.0% (50/50) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (35-45%) 100.0% (87/87) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (25-35%) 100.0% (73/73) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15-25%) 100.0% (77/77) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10-15%) 100.0% (74/74) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-10%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 50.0% (2/4) 100.0%
CLINICAL VALIDATION (n=76 samples)
All types
Single nucleotide variants n=2026 SNVs
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 100.0% (1940/1940) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (35-45%) 100.0% (4/4) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (25-35%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15-25%) 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10-15%) 100.0% (9/9) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-10%) 92.3% (12/13) 99.98%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 88.9% (48/54) 99.93%
Insertions and deletions by sequence analysis n=40 indels
Heteroplasmic (45-100%) 1-10bp 100.0% (32/32) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5-45%) 1-10bp 100.0% (3/3) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (<5%) 1-10bp 100.0% (5/5) 99,997%
SIMULATION DATA /(mitomap mutations)
Insertions, and deletions 1-24 bps by sequence analysis; n=17
Homoplasmic (100%) 1-24bp 100.0% (17/17) 99.98%
Heteroplasmic (50%) 100.0% (17/17) 99.99%
Heteroplasmic (25%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (20%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (15%) 100.0% (17/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10%) 94.1% (16/17) 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (5%) 94.1% (16/17) 100.0%
Copy number variants (separate artifical mutations; n=1500)
Homoplasmic (100%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (50%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (30%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 100.0% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (20%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 99.7% 100.0%
Heteroplasmic (10%) 500 bp, 1kb, 5 kb 99.0% 100.0%
The performance presented above reached by following coverage metrics at assay level (n=66)
Mean of medians Median of medians
Mean sequencing depth MQ0 (clinical) 18224X 17366X
Nucleotides with >1000x MQ0 sequencing coverage (%) (clinical) 100%
rho zero cell line (=no mtDNA), mean sequencing depth 12X

The target region for each gene includes coding exons and ±20 base pairs from the exon-intron boundary. In addition, the panel includes non-coding and regulatory variants if listed above (Non-coding variants covered by the panel). Some regions of the gene(s) may be removed from the panel if specifically mentioned in the ‘Test limitations” section above. If the test includes the mitochondrial genome the target region gene list contains the mitochondrial genes. The sequencing data generated in our laboratory is analyzed with our proprietary data analysis and annotation pipeline, integrating state-of-the art algorithms and industry-standard software solutions. Incorporation of rigorous quality control steps throughout the workflow of the pipeline ensures the consistency, validity and accuracy of results. Our pipeline is streamlined to maximize sensitivity without sacrificing specificity. We have incorporated a number of reference population databases and mutation databases including, but not limited, to 1000 Genomes Project, gnomAD, ClinVar and HGMD into our clinical interpretation software to make the process effective and efficient. For missense variants, in silico variant prediction tools such as  SIFT, PolyPhen,MutationTaster are used to assist with variant classification. Through our online ordering and statement reporting system, Nucleus, ordering providers have access to the details of the analysis, including patient specific sequencing metrics, a gene level coverage plot and a list of regions with suboptimal coverage (<20X for nuclear genes and <1000X for mtDNA) if applicable. This reflects our mission to build fully transparent diagnostics where ordering providers can easily visualize the crucial details of the analysis process.

We provide customers with the most comprehensive clinical report available on the market. Clinical interpretation requires a fundamental understanding of clinical genetics and genetic principles. At Blueprint Genetics, our PhD molecular geneticists, medical geneticists, and clinical consultants prepare the clinical statement together by evaluating the identified variants in the context of the phenotypic information provided in the requisition form. Our goal is to provide clinically meaningful statements that are understandable for all medical professionals regardless of whether they have formal training in genetics.

Variant classification is the cornerstone of clinical interpretation and resulting patient management decisions. Our classifications follow the ACMG guideline 2015.

The final step in the analysis is orthogonal confirmation. Sequence and copy number variants classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are confirmed using bi-directional Sanger sequencing or by orthogonal methods such as qPCR/ddPCR when they do not meet our stringent NGS quality metrics for a true positive call.

Our clinical statement includes tables for sequencing and copy number variants that include basic variant information (genomic coordinates, HGVS nomenclature, zygosity, allele frequencies, in silico predictions, OMIM phenotypes, and classification of the variant). In addition, the statement includes detailed descriptions of the variant, gene, and phenotype(s) including the role of the specific gene in human disease, the mutation profile, information about the gene’s variation in population cohorts, and detailed information about related phenotypes. We also provide links to the references, abstracts, and variant databases used to help ordering providers further evaluate the reported findings if desired. The conclusion summarizes all of the existing information and provides our rationale for the classification of the variant.

Identification of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in dominant disorders or their combinations in different alleles in recessive disorders are considered molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. In these cases, family member testing can be used for risk stratification. We do not recommend using variants of uncertain significance (VUS) for family member risk stratification or patient management. Genetic counseling is recommended.

Our interpretation team analyzes millions of variants from thousands of individuals with rare diseases. Our internal database and our understanding of variants and related phenotypes increases with every case analyzed. Our laboratory is therefore well-positioned to re-classify previously reported variants as new information becomes available. If a variant previously reported by Blueprint Genetics is re-classified, our laboratory will issue a follow-up statement to the original ordering healthcare provider at no additional cost, according to our latest follow-up reporting policy.

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Content last modified: 13 November 2023